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circuit pathways connect multiple nodes across a dark circuit board, representing an interconnected digital ecosystem

Brain Circuits

True or false? Digital ecosystems

Published October 13, 2026 in Brain Circuits • 3 min read

The recent IMD–AVEVA Industrial Intelligence Report produced some counterintuitive findings on digital ecosystems. Test your knowledge on where value lies.

True or false?

  1. The main barriers to digital ecosystems stem from competitive risk.
  2. AI is the backbone of ecosystem coordination in the majority of organizations.
  3. Orchestrators represent the only path to real value.
  4. Sustainability is the highest-scoring ecosystem benefit.
  5. The businesses most likely to succeed in the next phase of development will be those that do the boring stuff.

Answers:

  1. False: While competitive risk is the concern most often raised in boardrooms, the real constraints are integration complexity, legacy infrastructure, and lack of shared rules.
  2. Also false: According to the report, which included data gathered from a global survey of 275 senior leaders across 12 industries, leaders see strategic value in ecosystems, but operational behavior lags significantly and AI is rarely deployed – just 3% say it is the backbone of ecosystem coordination.
  3. False again! Orchestrators report higher value than participants across all stages of value creation, delivery, and capture, but it’s not the only path to value. Participants who invest in both strong governance and broad collaboration report value scores on par with orchestrators – suggesting that what organizations do with their ecosystem position matters more than the position itself.
  4. This is another misconception. Even for industrial organizations, which are among the most active digital ecosystem participants, sustainability remains the lowest-scoring ecosystem benefit.
  5. True! The organizations that stand to gain most from the next wave of development are likely to be those that solve the unglamorous problems currently preventing ecosystems from delivering on their promise: governance structures aligned across partners, deeper data sharing, and the capability to collaborate broadly across diverse partner types.

Key takeaways for leaders

Two priorities will shape success in the next phase of ecosystem development:

  • Building the right foundations

Ecosystem success is not being held back by a lack of ambition or technology spending, but by underinvestment in the foundations of collaboration. Governance, integration, and learning matter more right now than algorithms.

  • Turning foundations into strategic advantage

The next phase is about converting the foundations into strategic advantage through better data sharing, coordination, clearer roles, and more deliberate leadership.

Authors

Michael Wade - IMD Professor

Michael R. Wade

Professor of Strategy and Digital

Michael R Wade is Professor of Strategy and Digital at IMD and Director of the Global Center for Digital and AI Transformation. He directs a number of open programs such as Leading Digital and AI Transformation, Digital Transformation for Boards, Leading Digital Execution, Digital Transformation Sprint, Digital Transformation in Practice, Business Creativity and Innovation Sprint. He has written 10 books, hundreds of articles, and hosted popular management podcasts including Mike & Amit Talk Tech. In 2021, he was inducted into the Swiss Digital Shapers Hall of Fame.

Konstantinos Trantopoulos

Konstantinos Trantopoulos

Advisor and Research Fellow at IMD

Konstantinos Trantopoulos is a Senior Advisor and Fellow at IMD. He works with C-level executives, boards, and private equity investors on the strategic, commercial, and operational levers that drive growth and enterprise value. His work focuses on investments, capital allocation, commercial diligence, market dynamics, and how new technologies and AI reshape value creation. His insights have been featured in Harvard Business Review, MIT Sloan Management Review, California Management Review, MIS Quarterly, Industry and Innovation, Το Βήμα, and Forbes.

Mark J. Greeven

Professor of Management Innovation

Mark Greeven is Professor of Management Innovation at IMD, where he co-directs the Building Digital Ecosystems and Strategy for Future Readiness programs. Drawing on two decades of experience in research, teaching, and consulting in China, he explores how to organize innovation in a turbulent world. Greeven is a founding member of the Business Ecosystem Alliance. He is ranked on the Thinkers50 list of global management thinkers (2025, 2023).

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