Everything you need to know about quantum computing but were afraid to ask

The basics

Unlike digital technology, which relies on bits (0 or 1) or binary values, quantum computers use qubits. These are a ‘superposition’ of multiple possible states, meaning they can represent 0, 1, or any proportion of both, simultaneously. This enables incredibly complex calculations to be performed at speeds far beyond the capability of traditional computers. Quantum computing thus has the potential to enable breakthroughs in areas such as cybersecurity, material science, drug discovery, and financial services.

The risks

While quantum technologies are revolutionizing the way we work and communicate in our daily lives, the technology leap is not without its risks. The most critical challenge is its impact on cryptography and cybersecurity, raising the question: what happens if someone builds a quantum computer capable of cracking RSA encryption, a method commonly used today to secure all our digital data?

How to prepare for the quantum future

Cybercriminals today adopt a ‘store now, decrypt later’ approach, posing unanticipated threats down the line. To minimize the impact of quantum attacks, you need to:

• Rethink your strategy on cybersecurity, which includes switching to quantum-safe encryption.
• Review transition plans to ensure that critical systems are protected in the post-quantum era (a key recommendation proposed by Europol, the European Union’s law enforcement agency).
• Scrutinize your software inventory, identify the use of cryptography, and define a strategy for migrating to quantum-safe solutions.
  • This includes adhering to quantum-safe cryptography protocol standards and transitioning to the use of quantum-resistant cryptography algorithms (such as the algorithms designed to withstand attack by quantum computers selected by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology).