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by Didier Cossin Published September 10, 2021 in Brain Circuits • 3 min read
In Part 3, we looked at Tier-III conflicts, or those between stakeholders and other stakeholders. In Part 4, the final segment in this series, we look at Tier-IV conflicts of interest – those between your company versus society.
The way a company views its purpose will affect its notion of responsibility, its accountability and how it creates value. In general, companies and society are not in conflict: Corporations contribute to society by inventing new technologies, fulfilling consumers’ demands for goods and services, and creating jobs; society creates the conditions that allow companies to harness their potential for the common good of humanity.
However, if not managed properly, maximizing returns for shareholders can have indirect harmful effects on society, including shaping the rules of the game (e.g. lobbying to change a law, tax rules, accounting rules, subsidies, etc.), pollution, market manipulations through collusion, or limiting the opportunities for future generations to improve their lives.
Self-assessment questions to ponder with regard to this last dimension of possible conflict include:
Tier-IV conflicts between a company and society are philosophical. Solving them requires directors to act as moral agents and be able to distinguish “good” from “bad”. Do companies compensate stakeholders because they are useful, because they are protected by law? Or do they do so because stakeholders contributed to the success of the company? Should companies consider the interests of future generations who have not directly contributed to profitability and who are not represented on the board?
Good governance starts with the integrity and ethics of every director on every board. Board directors have a moral obligation not to take advantage of the company, but to be loyal to the company, make wise decisions, neutralize conflicts among stakeholders, and act in a socially responsible way.

Founder and director of the IMD Global Board Center, the originator of the Four Pillars of Board Effectiveness methodology and an advocate of Stewardship.
Didier Cossin is the Founder and Director of the IMD Global Board Center, the originator of the Four Pillars of Board Effectiveness methodology, and an advocate of stewardship. He is the author and co-author of books such as Inspiring Stewardship, as well as book chapters and articles in the fields of governance, investments, risks, and stewardship, several of which have obtained citations of excellence or other awards. He is the Director of the High Performance Boards program, the Mastering Board Governance course, The Role of the Chair program, and co-Director of the Stakeholder Management for Boards program.

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