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The IMD Sustainability Report 2021

IMD believes a sense of shared responsibility is essential for the prosperity of individuals, businesses, communities and nations.

45 pages

April 2022

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Challenging what is and inspiring what could be, the institute develops leaders who transform organizations and contribute to society. IMD supports responsible leaders who act with integrity, contribute to sustainable performance and have a positive impact on the world.

IMD has built a sustainability strategy to incorporate both the institute’s influence on business and leaders as well as its commitment to sustainable campus operations and as a responsible employer. As a leading global business school and a key institution in the Lac Léman region of Switzerland, IMD embeds sustainability in teaching, research, and outreach, while adhering to sustainable business practices and to improve our social and environmental footprint.

The IMD Sustainability Report 2021 can be read in full here:

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Case Study

Six strategies for making better decisions under pressure

Decision Making General Management Leadership

By Michael D. Watkins

Case Study

The new protein buzz: Can Legendary Foods Africa feed the world with insects

Entrepreneurship Sustainability Social Innovation

By Sophie Bacq, Valerie Keller-Birrer and Ruth Shalom Kinyua

Article

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Sustainability

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Leadership

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Communication Leadership

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Sustainability Leadership

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Leadership Entrepreneurship

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Six strategies for making better decisions under pressure

By Michael D. Watkins
Case reference: IMD-2676 ©2025

Summary

This note presents a comprehensive framework for improving decision-making capabilities in high-pressure, high-stakes environments. It introduces six evidence-based strategies that help leaders maintain clarity, focus and effectiveness when facing complex decisions under stress. The note explores each strategy in detail: managing emotional responses, strengthening situational awareness, training for cognitive agility, using structured decision-making models, enhancing decision speed and practicing under pressure. For each strategy, it provides specific tools and practical applications, illustrated through the case study of AcuWave, a mid-sized consumer electronics firm navigating challenging product launch decisions. Key tools examined include emotional self-regulation techniques, the OODA loop for situational awareness, pre-mortem analysis for cognitive agility, weighted decision matrices for structured decision-making, the 40-70 rule for balancing speed and accuracy, and crisis simulations for practical application. The note emphasizes that effective decision making under pressure integrates emotional regulation, cognitive flexibility, and structured processes. This practical guide serves as a valuable resource for leaders seeking to develop more robust decision-making capabilities in fast-paced business environments. By implementing these strategies, leaders can improve their ability to assess high-stakes situations quickly, make sound judgments with confidence, and maintain team effectiveness even under volatile and uncertain conditions.

Reference IMD-2676

Available Languages English

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Research Information & Knowledge Hub for additional information on IMD publications

Related topics

Decision Making

General Management

Leadership

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The new protein buzz: Can Legendary Foods Africa feed the world with insects

By Sophie Bacq Valerie Keller-Birrer and Ruth Shalom Kinyua
Case reference: IMD-7-2632 ©2025

Summary

The case describes Legendary Foods Africa, a food-tech company founded in 2020 in Ghana by Canadian entrepreneur Shobhita Soor. Legendary Foods Africa is focused on farming, processing and selling palm weevil larvae products for human consumption. Palm weevil larvae, a traditional local food, are rich in protein, healthy fats and essential nutrients. The company’s mission is to provide affordable, sustainable and nutritious protein to local populations of West and Central Africa. Legendary Foods Africa uses innovative vertical farming techniques to cultivate larvae year-round. This method avoids having to rely on deforestation; in this way it provides efficient production with a minimal environmental footprint. The larvae are sold fresh or frozen as a meat and fish substitute but are also processed into protein-rich products like chili sauce and cookies, offering shelf-stable options for a wider audience. Four years after launch, the company had grown into a 70-person operation and was about to become profitable. Soor was considering various expansion strategies that included growing into new African and Asian markets, broadening the product range and shifting toward a business-to-business sales model. The company would need additional capital to scale production for its expansion plans.

Reference IMD-7-2632

Organization Legendary Foods Africa

Industry Consumer Goods, Food and Beverage

Available Languages English

Contact

Research Information & Knowledge Hub for additional information on IMD publications

Related topics

Entrepreneurship

Sustainability

Social Innovation

Browse all topics

Am I really inclusive? A self-check for leaders