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by Knut Haanaes, Bryony Jansen van Tuyll, Øystein D. Fjeldstad Published February 17, 2025 in Brain Circuits • 3 min read
Are you developing smaller or larger mass or custom products? Are you helping customers by providing knowledge and solving problems? Are you providing services through sharing economics? Or are you enabling the flow of goods, finances, or people?
When working on products, consider your materials, designs, and suppliers. If you are a knowledge provider, your levers are knowledge and people. For companies providing shared access to resources, it’s critical to reach many customers and for them to be aware of the benefits of shared resources over products. Network companies can have the most impact by addressing the flows they enable and the infrastructure they rely on.
Do you want to lower your environmental footprint or develop products and services to address societal challenges? Explore ways to improve your product designs, upskill your workforce, raise awareness, or redesign your network flows.
Meeting sustainability challenges requires multifaceted solutions. Whatever your business model, partners will be necessary to develop better products, services, and systems. These partners can be suppliers, customers, outside experts, governments, non-governmental organizations, or competitors.
As you gain more clarity about your sustainability goals, opportunities will arise to have greater impact – which could mean adopting new business models. Traditional product companies might move into resource-sharing or leverage their built-up skills to provide consulting services. Likewise, sharing companies might develop sustainable products to serve their customers better.
Aligning your business model with sustainability isn’t just a choice: it’s a necessary commercial decision. Analyzing how your business creates value is the beginning of the journey. Whatever your route, there are many opportunities to have positive impact.

Professor of Strategy
Knut Haanaes is Professor of Strategy at IMD. He is the former Dean of the Global Leadership Institute at the World Economic Forum. He was previously a Senior Partner at the Boston Consulting Group and founded their first sustainability practice. At IMD he teaches in many of the key programs, including the MBA, and is Co-Director of the Leading Sustainable Business Transformation program (LSBT) and the Driving Sustainability from the Boardroom (DSB) program. His research interests are related to strategy, digital transformation, and sustainability.

Senior research writer on sustainability at IMD
Bryony Jansen van Tuyll is a senior research writer on sustainability. After starting her career as a management consultant, she went on to focus on sustainable innovation and strategy. She later founded and ran two non-profit organizations aimed at knowledge sharing among sustainability experts and fashion professionals. Her main interest is to support companies to thrive while safeguarding our planet and its people.
Professor in the Department of Strategy and Entrepreneurship
Øystein D. Fjeldstad is a Professor in the Department of Strategy and Entrepreneurship at BI Norwegian Business School. He is a former manager in the technology practice of Andersen Consulting (now Accenture). His work has been extensively applied by leading organizations in consulting, technology, healthcare and education, and he has taught strategy and organization design to students and executives in many industries and countries.

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