Prokon (A): Crowdlending in green energy
This case is about a German company, active in developing and exploiting windfarms and other sources of renewable energy. What makes this company interesting is that it relied on less conventional ways of financing, issuing Profit Participation Certificates (PPCs) instead of bonds or shares. The company mainly targeted individual investors, and offered them certificates with an annual return between 6% and 8%. The company was fairly successful in attracting these “household investors”, growing the invested capital roughly by 50% year on year. This type of funding is sometimes referred to as “crowdlending”. Based in Itzehoe, near Hamburg in Germany, Prokon was founded in 1995 by Carsten Rodbertus. The company was established to leverage sources of renewable energy in order to secure a sustainable, environmentally sound and responsible energy supply. In 2011 Prokon’s portfolio consisted of projects and concepts for a future free from dependency on the “potentially harmful and limited”1 resources of oil, natural gas, coal and nuclear power. The company invested in wind energy, biofuel and biomass. Most of its resources were focused on planning, financing, building and managing (technically and commercially) wind farms, as well as on selling electricity to end customers. Case A takes the perspective of a prospective investor, Ms. Müller, and ends with the question whether or not to invest in Prokon PPCs. Case B picks up when PPC holders have already begun to cancel their investments en masse and Prokon is on the brink of bankruptcy, following increasing claims of a Ponzi scheme. Panic and uncertainty set the tone of the situation.
The case provides students with an opportunity to discuss important questions regarding alternative investments, shadow banking, and its risks. Also, why has Prokon chosen PPCs over conventional capital raising methods (e.g. shares)? What should individual investors have considered before investing? Could they have known about the flawed model? Was it realistic to expect individual investors to adequately consider the risks before buying? Should the German government regulate PPCs?
Finance and Insurance, Banking
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Presented at: European Winter Meeting of the Econometric Society (EWMES), 16-18 December 2024, Palma de Majorca, Spain
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Case reference: IMD-7-2633 ©2024
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To stay ahead of competitors, DBS knew it needed to continue to innovate and improve customer centricity. To do so, it decided to move to a horizontal organizational structure, an approach it named Managing Through Journeys (MtJs). This involved b...
Case reference: IMD-7-2634 ©2024
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Since becoming DBS Bank’s CEO in 2009, Piyush Gupta led its transformation to become a standard setter globally for digitalization and customer centricity in financial services. This transformation started with fixing the basics (2009-2014), in wh...
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