Is Switzerland headed for a crisis?

When European Central Bank president Christine Lagarde warns that Europe’s “old growth model” has aged and its reliance on exports is now a “vulnerability”, it is worth listening. Central bank heads rarely use such choice language. In an eye-openi...

They threaten traditional car industries but are good for consumers and bring investments. The region will have to recalibrate its strategy. This is the third in a limited Opinion series on the Chinese economy. The first on the squeezed middle cla...

In a world fractured by rival empires and the rise of protectionist ideologies, Europe remains an exception: a continent of stability, rules and trust. Too often described as a museum of past glories, it has in fact become the most prosperous, equ...

This paper extends the New Industrial Policy Observatory (NIPO) dataset from 2009 to 2023 by employing large language model techniques to identify policy motivations. We document widespread industrial policy adoption across advanced and emerging m...

This paper develops a new toolkit for analysing how global shocks affect the geographical and functional distribution of global value chains (GVCs) at the subnational level. Using the toolkit, which we call the shocks approach to indicator design,...

Switzerland leads 69 nations in digital competitiveness – but its position is threatened by trade fragmentation Today’s trade fragmentation means countries and regions are in a race against time to find new strategic advantages in the digital sph...

The United States has incorporated restrictive third-country provisions—informally referred to as “poison pills”—in three trade instruments: the 2018 United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), and very recently the 2025 United States-Malaysia ...