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Twenty-five years from now, Richard Baldwin (IMD Business School) argues, the world trade system will not have collapsed but been rebuilt, into three blocs, Europe, the US and China, none strong enough to dominate the others. Writing for CEPR’s Europe 2050 series as a “future history” looking back from 2050, he contends Europe should not try to …

Deep learning is increasingly presented in economics as a new paradigm for solving dynamic models, superseding the classical projection methods of numerical economics. We argue that this dichotomy rests on a misclassification. The neural-network solvers emphasized in this literature are least-squares projection methods with an adaptive nonlinear…

Six months of data since the Busan Accord shows China shipped the world more rare earth magnets than in any of the previous four years. A year earlier, China had threatened to restrict rare earth supply altogether. This briefing examines how those supplies were shared unevenly across China’s major trading partners.

Digital ecosystems have moved to the top of the strategic agenda. Seventy-four percent of senior leaders rate them as a high or top priority, and 82% plan to increase engagement. Yet beneath this consensus lies a structural disconnect. Most organizations share data only moderately with partners, only 9% have achieved joint cross-organization dat…

The proposed US-China Board of Trade failed to materialise at the May 2026 Trump-Xi summit. Statements by US officials now place the initiative in sharper relief. On examination, its scale is modest, its institutional necessity is unclear, and the most plausible reading is that this Board’s creation is a vehicle for an incremental, politically m…

As the United States proposes a bilateral Board of Trade to govern its commercial relationship with China, the empirical record of managed trade arrangements that the United States negotiated with Japan in the 1980s provides a relevant precedent. That record, drawn from economic research and official government sources, is consistent: managed tr…

Investor climate initiatives are facing unprecedented scrutiny at a time when the policy landscape is shifting rapidly, and the effectiveness of current investor actions is being actively questioned. Against this backdrop, this project reexamines core assumptions about the role of investors in addressing climate change explores what credible, ev…

This briefing and accompanying technical annex examines the independent effects of fuel price levels and volatility on world trade volume growth, using 314 monthly observations from the CPB World Trade Monitor spanning January 2000 to February 2026.