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    United Kingdom

    The Hinrich-IMD Sustainable Trade Index 2022

    United Kingdom

    The Hinrich-IMD Sustainable Trade Index 2022

    Overall
    Rank
    Out of 30
    02
    Score
    (0-100)
    94,4
    Pillars
    Rank
    Pillars
    Score
    05
    Economic
    76,7
    04
    Societal
    92,2
    02
    Environmental
    91,6
    Background information
    Population,
    millions
    67,53
    Large
    Wealth,
    GDP per Capita US$
    46.985
    High
    Membership
    CPTPP (applicant)
    Indicator
    Rank
    1.01. Consumer price inflation
    13
    Value:
    2,59
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    68,9
    1.02. Real GDP Growth per capita, % GDP
    08
    Value:
    6,73
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    93,9
    1.03. Growth in labor force, %
    23
    Value:
    -0,02
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    13,7
    1.04. Foreign direct investment, net inflows, % GDP
    21
    Value:
    1,13
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    13,1
    1.05. Gross fixed capital formation, % GDP
    26
    Value:
    17,11
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    39,9
    1.06. Tariff & non-tariff barriers
    24
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    23,5
    1.06.01. Tariff barriers
    22
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    36,9
    1.06.01.a. Tariff barriers in force
    24
    Value:
    1,118,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    17,5
    1.06.01.b. New tariff barriers 2021
    23
    Value:
    34,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    42,1
    1.06.01.c. Percentage of trade affected by tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    16
    Value:
    15,05
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    71,0
    1.06.02. Non-tariff barriers
    26
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    23,0
    1.06.02.a. Non-tariff barriers in force
    24
    Value:
    8,348,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    20,4
    1.06.02.b. New non-tariff barriers 2021
    23
    Value:
    705,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    25,1
    1.06.02.c. Percentage of trade affected by non-tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    16
    Value:
    64,42
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    23,4
    1.07. Trade liberalization
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    100,0
    1.07.01. Regional Trade Agreements, number in force
    01
    Value:
    38,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    100,0
    1.07.02. Capital account liberalization, Index
    01
    Value:
    2,32
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    100,0
    1.07.03. Investment Freedom, Index
    03
    Value:
    80,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    92,3
    1.08. Exchange rate stability, parity change from national currency to SDR, 2020/2018
    17
    Value:
    0,04
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    83,3
    1.09. Domestic credit to private sector, % of GDP
    09
    Value:
    143,68
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    52,4
    1.10. Foreign trade and payments risk
    10
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    66,6
    1.10.01. Country credit rating
    10
    Value:
    67,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    84,8
    1.10.02. Gross debt, % GDP
    25
    Value:
    95,35
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    64,2
    1.11. Trade costs
    03
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    92,4
    1.11.01. Logistics performance, index
    03
    Value:
    3,99
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    97,8
    1.11.02. Corruption perceptions, index
    03
    Value:
    78,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    84,6
    1.11.03. Rule of law, index
    07
    Value:
    89,90
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    89,7
    1.12. Monetary policy intervention
    13
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    37,9
    1.12.01. Current account balance, % GDP
    08
    Value:
    -2,59
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    50,5
    1.12.02. Total reserves (includes gold)1 year change, % GDP
    15
    Value:
    -0,43
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    43,0
    1.13. Export concentration
    02
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    91,5
    1.13.01. Export market concentration, Top 5 as % total
    04
    Value:
    44,84
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    86,5
    1.13.02. Export product concentration, Top 5 as % total
    05
    Value:
    44,22
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    88,6
    1.14. Exports of goods and services
    03
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    63,4
    1.14.01. Merchandise exports, US$
    09
    Value:
    468,055,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    63,7
    1.14.02. Commercial services exports, US$
    02
    Value:
    414,877,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    55,5
    1.15. Technological innovation
    08
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    49,4
    1.15.01. R&D expenditure, % GDP
    08
    Value:
    1,71
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    35,0
    1.15.02. Researchers in R&D, per capita
    07
    Value:
    4,68
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    53,6
    1.15.03. Patent applications, per million inhabitants
    07
    Value:
    791,27
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    15,7
    1.15.04. High-technology exports, % of manufactured exports
    09
    Value:
    23,00
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    31,8
    1.15.05. Scientific articles, per million people
    06
    Value:
    1,573,69
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    66,3
    1.16. Technological infrastructure
    08
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    70,3
    1.16.01. Fixed internet speed, Mbps
    13
    Value:
    77,36
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    38,4
    1.16.02. Internet users, % population
    04
    Value:
    94,82
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    97,5
    1.16.03. Fixed broadband subscriptions
    03
    Value:
    40,26
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    92,4
    1.16.04. Mobile subscriptions (per 100 people)
    19
    Value:
    116,38
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    28,2
    Rank
    Value
    Year
    Score
    1.01
    Consumer price inflation
    13
    2,59
    2021
    68,9
    1.02
    Real GDP Growth per capita, % GDP
    08
    6,73
    2021
    93,9
    1.03
    Growth in labor force, %
    23
    -0,02
    2021
    13,7
    1.04
    Foreign direct investment, net inflows, % GDP
    21
    1,13
    2020
    13,1
    1.05
    Gross fixed capital formation, % GDP
    26
    17,11
    2020
    39,9
    1.06
    Tariff & non-tariff barriers
    24
    0,00
    –
    23,5
    1.06.01
    Tariff barriers
    22
    0,00
    –
    36,9
    1.06.01.a
    Tariff barriers in force
    24
    1,118,00
    2021
    17,5
    1.06.01.b
    New tariff barriers 2021
    23
    34,00
    2021
    42,1
    1.06.01.c
    Percentage of trade affected by tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    16
    15,05
    2018
    71,0
    1.06.02
    Non-tariff barriers
    26
    0,00
    –
    23,0
    1.06.02.a
    Non-tariff barriers in force
    24
    8,348,00
    2021
    20,4
    1.06.02.b
    New non-tariff barriers 2021
    23
    705,00
    2021
    25,1
    1.06.02.c
    Percentage of trade affected by non-tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    16
    64,42
    2018
    23,4
    1.07
    Trade liberalization
    01
    0,00
    –
    100,0
    1.07.01
    Regional Trade Agreements, number in force
    01
    38,00
    2022
    100,0
    1.07.02
    Capital account liberalization, Index
    01
    2,32
    2019
    100,0
    1.07.03
    Investment Freedom, Index
    03
    80,00
    2022
    92,3
    1.08
    Exchange rate stability, parity change from national currency to SDR, 2020/2018
    17
    0,04
    2021
    83,3
    1.09
    Domestic credit to private sector, % of GDP
    09
    143,68
    2020
    52,4
    1.10
    Foreign trade and payments risk
    10
    0,00
    –
    66,6
    1.10.01
    Country credit rating
    10
    67,00
    2022
    84,8
    1.10.02
    Gross debt, % GDP
    25
    95,35
    2021
    64,2
    1.11
    Trade costs
    03
    0,00
    –
    92,4
    1.11.01
    Logistics performance, index
    03
    3,99
    2018
    97,8
    1.11.02
    Corruption perceptions, index
    03
    78,00
    2021
    84,6
    1.11.03
    Rule of law, index
    07
    89,90
    2020
    89,7
    1.12
    Monetary policy intervention
    13
    0,00
    –
    37,9
    1.12.01
    Current account balance, % GDP
    08
    -2,59
    2021
    50,5
    1.12.02
    Total reserves (includes gold)1 year change, % GDP
    15
    -0,43
    2021
    43,0
    1.13
    Export concentration
    02
    0,00
    –
    91,5
    1.13.01
    Export market concentration, Top 5 as % total
    04
    44,84
    2021
    86,5
    1.13.02
    Export product concentration, Top 5 as % total
    05
    44,22
    2021
    88,6
    1.14
    Exports of goods and services
    03
    0,00
    –
    63,4
    1.14.01
    Merchandise exports, US$
    09
    468,055,00
    2021
    63,7
    1.14.02
    Commercial services exports, US$
    02
    414,877,00
    2021
    55,5
    1.15
    Technological innovation
    08
    0,00
    –
    49,4
    1.15.01
    R&D expenditure, % GDP
    08
    1,71
    2019
    35,0
    1.15.02
    Researchers in R&D, per capita
    07
    4,68
    2019
    53,6
    1.15.03
    Patent applications, per million inhabitants
    07
    791,27
    2020
    15,7
    1.15.04
    High-technology exports, % of manufactured exports
    09
    23,00
    2020
    31,8
    1.15.05
    Scientific articles, per million people
    06
    1,573,69
    2020
    66,3
    1.16
    Technological infrastructure
    08
    0,00
    –
    70,3
    1.16.01
    Fixed internet speed, Mbps
    13
    77,36
    2021
    38,4
    1.16.02
    Internet users, % population
    04
    94,82
    2020
    97,5
    1.16.03
    Fixed broadband subscriptions
    03
    40,26
    2020
    92,4
    1.16.04
    Mobile subscriptions (per 100 people)
    19
    116,38
    2020
    28,2
    Indicator
    Rank
    2.01. Inequality (Gini coefficient)
    09
    Value:
    35,10
    Year:
    2017
    Score:
    60,7
    2.02. Educational attainment
    03
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    78,3
    2.02.01. Mean years of schooling
    03
    Value:
    13,24
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    98,1
    2.02.02. University education Index
    02
    Value:
    82,06
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    64,0
    2.02.03. Tertiary enrollment
    12
    Value:
    65,77
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    52,5
    2.03. Labor standards
    09
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    90,9
    2.03.01. Gender non-discrimination in hiring
    01
    Value:
    100,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    100,0
    2.03.02. Freedom of association and assembly
    10
    Value:
    0,73
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    81,9
    2.04. Political stability and absence of violence
    10
    Value:
    61,32
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    60,7
    2.05. Goods produced by forced labor or child labor
    10
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    95,1
    2.05.01. Goods produced by forced labor
    10
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    92,3
    2.05.01.a. Goods produced by forced labor, number of goods categories
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    2.05.01.b. % population in forced labor
    10
    Value:
    2,08
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    89,2
    2.05.02. Goods produced by child labor, number of goods categories
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    2.06. Government response to human trafficking
    02
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    98,5
    2.06.01. Government response to human trafficking, Criminalization
    04
    Value:
    6,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    80,0
    2.06.02. Government response to human trafficking, Strategy
    02
    Value:
    71,50
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    99,6
    2.06.03. Government response to human trafficking, Action
    01
    Value:
    1,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    2.07. Trade in goods at risk of modern slavery
    14
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    53,8
    2.07.01. Imports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    27
    Value:
    23,427,34
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    15,0
    2.07.02. Exports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    100,0
    2.08. Social mobility, Index
    05
    Value:
    74,40
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    95,7
    2.09. Life expectancy at birth
    09
    Value:
    80,70
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    76,1
    Rank
    Value
    Year
    Score
    2.01
    Inequality (Gini coefficient)
    09
    35,10
    2017
    60,7
    2.02
    Educational attainment
    03
    0,00
    –
    78,3
    2.02.01
    Mean years of schooling
    03
    13,24
    2019
    98,1
    2.02.02
    University education Index
    02
    82,06
    2021
    64,0
    2.02.03
    Tertiary enrollment
    12
    65,77
    2019
    52,5
    2.03
    Labor standards
    09
    0,00
    –
    90,9
    2.03.01
    Gender non-discrimination in hiring
    01
    100,00
    2022
    100,0
    2.03.02
    Freedom of association and assembly
    10
    0,73
    2021
    81,9
    2.04
    Political stability and absence of violence
    10
    61,32
    2020
    60,7
    2.05
    Goods produced by forced labor or child labor
    10
    0,00
    –
    95,1
    2.05.01
    Goods produced by forced labor
    10
    0,00
    –
    92,3
    2.05.01.a
    Goods produced by forced labor, number of goods categories
    01
    0,00
    2021
    100,0
    2.05.01.b
    % population in forced labor
    10
    2,08
    2018
    89,2
    2.05.02
    Goods produced by child labor, number of goods categories
    01
    0,00
    2021
    100,0
    2.06
    Government response to human trafficking
    02
    0,00
    –
    98,5
    2.06.01
    Government response to human trafficking, Criminalization
    04
    6,00
    2021
    80,0
    2.06.02
    Government response to human trafficking, Strategy
    02
    71,50
    2018
    99,6
    2.06.03
    Government response to human trafficking, Action
    01
    1,00
    2021
    100,0
    2.07
    Trade in goods at risk of modern slavery
    14
    0,00
    –
    53,8
    2.07.01
    Imports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    27
    23,427,34
    2020
    15,0
    2.07.02
    Exports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    01
    0,00
    2020
    100,0
    2.08
    Social mobility, Index
    05
    74,40
    2020
    95,7
    2.09
    Life expectancy at birth
    09
    80,70
    2021
    76,1
    Indicator
    Rank
    3.01. Air pollution
    06
    Value:
    10,02
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    94,9
    3.02. Deforestation
    12
    Value:
    0,01
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    29,6
    3.03. % of wastewater treated
    03
    Value:
    98,80
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    98,8
    3.04. Energy intensity
    02
    Value:
    44,20
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    92,4
    3.05. Ecological footprint
    17
    Value:
    4,18
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    53,6
    3.06. Renewable energy
    17
    Value:
    12,22
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    20,9
    3.07. Environmental standards in trade
    08
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    75,0
    3.07.01. Convention: Hazardous Wastes
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.02. Convention: Prevention of Marine Pollution
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.03. Convention: Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna)
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.04. Convention on Climate Change (Kyoto)
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.05. The International Timber Agreement
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.06. Convention: International Trade in Endangered Species
    23
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    0,0
    3.07.07. Convention: Prior Informed Consent – Hazardous Chemicals (Rotterdam)
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.08. Transfer emissions
    03
    Value:
    -41,40
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    31,3
    3.09. Share of natural resources in trade
    18
    Value:
    11,45
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    73,3
    3.10. Carbon
    03
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    94,1
    3.10.1. Carbon pricing
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    100,0
    3.10.2. CO2 emissions per capita
    17
    Value:
    5,45
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    70,4
    Rank
    Value
    Year
    Score
    3.01
    Air pollution
    06
    10,02
    2019
    94,9
    3.02
    Deforestation
    12
    0,01
    2020
    29,6
    3.03
    % of wastewater treated
    03
    98,80
    2020
    98,8
    3.04
    Energy intensity
    02
    44,20
    2019
    92,4
    3.05
    Ecological footprint
    17
    4,18
    2018
    53,6
    3.06
    Renewable energy
    17
    12,22
    2019
    20,9
    3.07
    Environmental standards in trade
    08
    0,00
    –
    75,0
    3.07.01
    Convention: Hazardous Wastes
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.02
    Convention: Prevention of Marine Pollution
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.03
    Convention: Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna)
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.04
    Convention on Climate Change (Kyoto)
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.05
    The International Timber Agreement
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.06
    Convention: International Trade in Endangered Species
    23
    0,00
    2021
    0,0
    3.07.07
    Convention: Prior Informed Consent – Hazardous Chemicals (Rotterdam)
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.08
    Transfer emissions
    03
    -41,40
    2019
    31,3
    3.09
    Share of natural resources in trade
    18
    11,45
    2020
    73,3
    3.10
    Carbon
    03
    0,00
    –
    94,1
    3.10.1
    Carbon pricing
    01
    2,00
    2022
    100,0
    3.10.2
    CO2 emissions per capita
    17
    5,45
    2019
    70,4
    Indicator
    Rank
    1.01. Consumer price inflation
    13
    Value:
    2,59
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    68,9
    1.02. Real GDP Growth per capita, % GDP
    08
    Value:
    6,73
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    93,9
    1.03. Growth in labor force, %
    23
    Value:
    -0,02
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    13,7
    1.04. Foreign direct investment, net inflows, % GDP
    21
    Value:
    1,13
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    13,1
    1.05. Gross fixed capital formation, % GDP
    26
    Value:
    17,11
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    39,9
    1.06. Tariff & non-tariff barriers
    24
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    23,5
    1.06.01. Tariff barriers
    22
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    36,9
    1.06.01.a. Tariff barriers in force
    24
    Value:
    1,118,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    17,5
    1.06.01.b. New tariff barriers 2021
    23
    Value:
    34,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    42,1
    1.06.01.c. Percentage of trade affected by tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    16
    Value:
    15,05
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    71,0
    1.06.02. Non-tariff barriers
    26
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    23,0
    1.06.02.a. Non-tariff barriers in force
    24
    Value:
    8,348,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    20,4
    1.06.02.b. New non-tariff barriers 2021
    23
    Value:
    705,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    25,1
    1.06.02.c. Percentage of trade affected by non-tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    16
    Value:
    64,42
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    23,4
    1.07. Trade liberalization
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    100,0
    1.07.01. Regional Trade Agreements, number in force
    01
    Value:
    38,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    100,0
    1.07.02. Capital account liberalization, Index
    01
    Value:
    2,32
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    100,0
    1.07.03. Investment Freedom, Index
    03
    Value:
    80,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    92,3
    1.08. Exchange rate stability, parity change from national currency to SDR, 2020/2018
    17
    Value:
    0,04
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    83,3
    1.09. Domestic credit to private sector, % of GDP
    09
    Value:
    143,68
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    52,4
    1.10. Foreign trade and payments risk
    10
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    66,6
    1.10.01. Country credit rating
    10
    Value:
    67,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    84,8
    1.10.02. Gross debt, % GDP
    25
    Value:
    95,35
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    64,2
    1.11. Trade costs
    03
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    92,4
    1.11.01. Logistics performance, index
    03
    Value:
    3,99
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    97,8
    1.11.02. Corruption perceptions, index
    03
    Value:
    78,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    84,6
    1.11.03. Rule of law, index
    07
    Value:
    89,90
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    89,7
    1.12. Monetary policy intervention
    13
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    37,9
    1.12.01. Current account balance, % GDP
    08
    Value:
    -2,59
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    50,5
    1.12.02. Total reserves (includes gold)1 year change, % GDP
    15
    Value:
    -0,43
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    43,0
    1.13. Export concentration
    02
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    91,5
    1.13.01. Export market concentration, Top 5 as % total
    04
    Value:
    44,84
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    86,5
    1.13.02. Export product concentration, Top 5 as % total
    05
    Value:
    44,22
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    88,6
    1.14. Exports of goods and services
    03
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    63,4
    1.14.01. Merchandise exports, US$
    09
    Value:
    468,055,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    63,7
    1.14.02. Commercial services exports, US$
    02
    Value:
    414,877,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    55,5
    1.15. Technological innovation
    08
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    49,4
    1.15.01. R&D expenditure, % GDP
    08
    Value:
    1,71
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    35,0
    1.15.02. Researchers in R&D, per capita
    07
    Value:
    4,68
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    53,6
    1.15.03. Patent applications, per million inhabitants
    07
    Value:
    791,27
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    15,7
    1.15.04. High-technology exports, % of manufactured exports
    09
    Value:
    23,00
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    31,8
    1.15.05. Scientific articles, per million people
    06
    Value:
    1,573,69
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    66,3
    1.16. Technological infrastructure
    08
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    70,3
    1.16.01. Fixed internet speed, Mbps
    13
    Value:
    77,36
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    38,4
    1.16.02. Internet users, % population
    04
    Value:
    94,82
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    97,5
    1.16.03. Fixed broadband subscriptions
    03
    Value:
    40,26
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    92,4
    1.16.04. Mobile subscriptions (per 100 people)
    19
    Value:
    116,38
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    28,2
    Rank
    Value
    Year
    Score
    1.01
    Consumer price inflation
    13
    2,59
    2021
    68,9
    1.02
    Real GDP Growth per capita, % GDP
    08
    6,73
    2021
    93,9
    1.03
    Growth in labor force, %
    23
    -0,02
    2021
    13,7
    1.04
    Foreign direct investment, net inflows, % GDP
    21
    1,13
    2020
    13,1
    1.05
    Gross fixed capital formation, % GDP
    26
    17,11
    2020
    39,9
    1.06
    Tariff & non-tariff barriers
    24
    0,00
    –
    23,5
    1.06.01
    Tariff barriers
    22
    0,00
    –
    36,9
    1.06.01.a
    Tariff barriers in force
    24
    1,118,00
    2021
    17,5
    1.06.01.b
    New tariff barriers 2021
    23
    34,00
    2021
    42,1
    1.06.01.c
    Percentage of trade affected by tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    16
    15,05
    2018
    71,0
    1.06.02
    Non-tariff barriers
    26
    0,00
    –
    23,0
    1.06.02.a
    Non-tariff barriers in force
    24
    8,348,00
    2021
    20,4
    1.06.02.b
    New non-tariff barriers 2021
    23
    705,00
    2021
    25,1
    1.06.02.c
    Percentage of trade affected by non-tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    16
    64,42
    2018
    23,4
    1.07
    Trade liberalization
    01
    0,00
    –
    100,0
    1.07.01
    Regional Trade Agreements, number in force
    01
    38,00
    2022
    100,0
    1.07.02
    Capital account liberalization, Index
    01
    2,32
    2019
    100,0
    1.07.03
    Investment Freedom, Index
    03
    80,00
    2022
    92,3
    1.08
    Exchange rate stability, parity change from national currency to SDR, 2020/2018
    17
    0,04
    2021
    83,3
    1.09
    Domestic credit to private sector, % of GDP
    09
    143,68
    2020
    52,4
    1.10
    Foreign trade and payments risk
    10
    0,00
    –
    66,6
    1.10.01
    Country credit rating
    10
    67,00
    2022
    84,8
    1.10.02
    Gross debt, % GDP
    25
    95,35
    2021
    64,2
    1.11
    Trade costs
    03
    0,00
    –
    92,4
    1.11.01
    Logistics performance, index
    03
    3,99
    2018
    97,8
    1.11.02
    Corruption perceptions, index
    03
    78,00
    2021
    84,6
    1.11.03
    Rule of law, index
    07
    89,90
    2020
    89,7
    1.12
    Monetary policy intervention
    13
    0,00
    –
    37,9
    1.12.01
    Current account balance, % GDP
    08
    -2,59
    2021
    50,5
    1.12.02
    Total reserves (includes gold)1 year change, % GDP
    15
    -0,43
    2021
    43,0
    1.13
    Export concentration
    02
    0,00
    –
    91,5
    1.13.01
    Export market concentration, Top 5 as % total
    04
    44,84
    2021
    86,5
    1.13.02
    Export product concentration, Top 5 as % total
    05
    44,22
    2021
    88,6
    1.14
    Exports of goods and services
    03
    0,00
    –
    63,4
    1.14.01
    Merchandise exports, US$
    09
    468,055,00
    2021
    63,7
    1.14.02
    Commercial services exports, US$
    02
    414,877,00
    2021
    55,5
    1.15
    Technological innovation
    08
    0,00
    –
    49,4
    1.15.01
    R&D expenditure, % GDP
    08
    1,71
    2019
    35,0
    1.15.02
    Researchers in R&D, per capita
    07
    4,68
    2019
    53,6
    1.15.03
    Patent applications, per million inhabitants
    07
    791,27
    2020
    15,7
    1.15.04
    High-technology exports, % of manufactured exports
    09
    23,00
    2020
    31,8
    1.15.05
    Scientific articles, per million people
    06
    1,573,69
    2020
    66,3
    1.16
    Technological infrastructure
    08
    0,00
    –
    70,3
    1.16.01
    Fixed internet speed, Mbps
    13
    77,36
    2021
    38,4
    1.16.02
    Internet users, % population
    04
    94,82
    2020
    97,5
    1.16.03
    Fixed broadband subscriptions
    03
    40,26
    2020
    92,4
    1.16.04
    Mobile subscriptions (per 100 people)
    19
    116,38
    2020
    28,2
    Indicator
    Rank
    2.01. Inequality (Gini coefficient)
    09
    Value:
    35,10
    Year:
    2017
    Score:
    60,7
    2.02. Educational attainment
    03
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    78,3
    2.02.01. Mean years of schooling
    03
    Value:
    13,24
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    98,1
    2.02.02. University education Index
    02
    Value:
    82,06
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    64,0
    2.02.03. Tertiary enrollment
    12
    Value:
    65,77
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    52,5
    2.03. Labor standards
    09
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    90,9
    2.03.01. Gender non-discrimination in hiring
    01
    Value:
    100,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    100,0
    2.03.02. Freedom of association and assembly
    10
    Value:
    0,73
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    81,9
    2.04. Political stability and absence of violence
    10
    Value:
    61,32
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    60,7
    2.05. Goods produced by forced labor or child labor
    10
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    95,1
    2.05.01. Goods produced by forced labor
    10
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    92,3
    2.05.01.a. Goods produced by forced labor, number of goods categories
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    2.05.01.b. % population in forced labor
    10
    Value:
    2,08
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    89,2
    2.05.02. Goods produced by child labor, number of goods categories
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    2.06. Government response to human trafficking
    02
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    98,5
    2.06.01. Government response to human trafficking, Criminalization
    04
    Value:
    6,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    80,0
    2.06.02. Government response to human trafficking, Strategy
    02
    Value:
    71,50
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    99,6
    2.06.03. Government response to human trafficking, Action
    01
    Value:
    1,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    2.07. Trade in goods at risk of modern slavery
    14
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    53,8
    2.07.01. Imports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    27
    Value:
    23,427,34
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    15,0
    2.07.02. Exports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    100,0
    2.08. Social mobility, Index
    05
    Value:
    74,40
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    95,7
    2.09. Life expectancy at birth
    09
    Value:
    80,70
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    76,1
    Rank
    Value
    Year
    Score
    2.01
    Inequality (Gini coefficient)
    09
    35,10
    2017
    60,7
    2.02
    Educational attainment
    03
    0,00
    –
    78,3
    2.02.01
    Mean years of schooling
    03
    13,24
    2019
    98,1
    2.02.02
    University education Index
    02
    82,06
    2021
    64,0
    2.02.03
    Tertiary enrollment
    12
    65,77
    2019
    52,5
    2.03
    Labor standards
    09
    0,00
    –
    90,9
    2.03.01
    Gender non-discrimination in hiring
    01
    100,00
    2022
    100,0
    2.03.02
    Freedom of association and assembly
    10
    0,73
    2021
    81,9
    2.04
    Political stability and absence of violence
    10
    61,32
    2020
    60,7
    2.05
    Goods produced by forced labor or child labor
    10
    0,00
    –
    95,1
    2.05.01
    Goods produced by forced labor
    10
    0,00
    –
    92,3
    2.05.01.a
    Goods produced by forced labor, number of goods categories
    01
    0,00
    2021
    100,0
    2.05.01.b
    % population in forced labor
    10
    2,08
    2018
    89,2
    2.05.02
    Goods produced by child labor, number of goods categories
    01
    0,00
    2021
    100,0
    2.06
    Government response to human trafficking
    02
    0,00
    –
    98,5
    2.06.01
    Government response to human trafficking, Criminalization
    04
    6,00
    2021
    80,0
    2.06.02
    Government response to human trafficking, Strategy
    02
    71,50
    2018
    99,6
    2.06.03
    Government response to human trafficking, Action
    01
    1,00
    2021
    100,0
    2.07
    Trade in goods at risk of modern slavery
    14
    0,00
    –
    53,8
    2.07.01
    Imports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    27
    23,427,34
    2020
    15,0
    2.07.02
    Exports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    01
    0,00
    2020
    100,0
    2.08
    Social mobility, Index
    05
    74,40
    2020
    95,7
    2.09
    Life expectancy at birth
    09
    80,70
    2021
    76,1
    Indicator
    Rank
    3.01. Air pollution
    06
    Value:
    10,02
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    94,9
    3.02. Deforestation
    12
    Value:
    0,01
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    29,6
    3.03. % of wastewater treated
    03
    Value:
    98,80
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    98,8
    3.04. Energy intensity
    02
    Value:
    44,20
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    92,4
    3.05. Ecological footprint
    17
    Value:
    4,18
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    53,6
    3.06. Renewable energy
    17
    Value:
    12,22
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    20,9
    3.07. Environmental standards in trade
    08
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    75,0
    3.07.01. Convention: Hazardous Wastes
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.02. Convention: Prevention of Marine Pollution
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.03. Convention: Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna)
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.04. Convention on Climate Change (Kyoto)
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.05. The International Timber Agreement
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.06. Convention: International Trade in Endangered Species
    23
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    0,0
    3.07.07. Convention: Prior Informed Consent – Hazardous Chemicals (Rotterdam)
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.08. Transfer emissions
    03
    Value:
    -41,40
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    31,3
    3.09. Share of natural resources in trade
    18
    Value:
    11,45
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    73,3
    3.10. Carbon
    03
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    94,1
    3.10.1. Carbon pricing
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    100,0
    3.10.2. CO2 emissions per capita
    17
    Value:
    5,45
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    70,4
    Rank
    Value
    Year
    Score
    3.01
    Air pollution
    06
    10,02
    2019
    94,9
    3.02
    Deforestation
    12
    0,01
    2020
    29,6
    3.03
    % of wastewater treated
    03
    98,80
    2020
    98,8
    3.04
    Energy intensity
    02
    44,20
    2019
    92,4
    3.05
    Ecological footprint
    17
    4,18
    2018
    53,6
    3.06
    Renewable energy
    17
    12,22
    2019
    20,9
    3.07
    Environmental standards in trade
    08
    0,00
    –
    75,0
    3.07.01
    Convention: Hazardous Wastes
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.02
    Convention: Prevention of Marine Pollution
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.03
    Convention: Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna)
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.04
    Convention on Climate Change (Kyoto)
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.05
    The International Timber Agreement
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.06
    Convention: International Trade in Endangered Species
    23
    0,00
    2021
    0,0
    3.07.07
    Convention: Prior Informed Consent – Hazardous Chemicals (Rotterdam)
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.08
    Transfer emissions
    03
    -41,40
    2019
    31,3
    3.09
    Share of natural resources in trade
    18
    11,45
    2020
    73,3
    3.10
    Carbon
    03
    0,00
    –
    94,1
    3.10.1
    Carbon pricing
    01
    2,00
    2022
    100,0
    3.10.2
    CO2 emissions per capita
    17
    5,45
    2019
    70,4