Case Studies Collection - IMD business school for management and leadership courses

Set in 2024, the case describes the trajectory of Nike’s success and how it had recently lost its way. The company was experiencing its worst slump in more than 10 years. Since 2020, CEO Donahoe oversaw a significant shift away from wholesale, with a focus on direct channels and a suite of apps. However, direct-to-consumer (DTC) sales failed to …

Marketing Digital Strategy

By Ivy Buche and Goutam Challagalla

Case Study

Reviewing strategy-execution capabilities

A “radar chart” is proposed to visualize where the company needs to improve. It can also be used to support the discussion of any group of executives on the reasons for failure of most strategic initiatives; they may do that by assessing their own company against the six proposed required capabilities and by comparing notes with each other. The …

General Management

By Xavier Gilbert

Reviewing strategy-execution capabilities

By Xavier Gilbert
Case reference: IMD-3-2428 ©2025

Summary

A “radar chart” is proposed to visualize where the company needs to improve. It can also be used to support the discussion of any group of executives on the reasons for failure of most strategic initiatives; they may do that by assessing their own company against the six proposed required capabilities and by comparing notes with each other. The six required capabilities are: 1) Companies need to have a clear and well-communicated strategy, with clear and well-communicated strategic priorities, to which strategic initiatives contribute in a clear and well-communicated way. 2) Companies need to have a cadre of executives at different levels selected for their entrepreneurial and action-learning capabilities. 3) Companies need to understand and encourage action-learning and know how to plan execution accordingly. 4) Companies need to have an inclusive approach to execution. 5) Companies need to be serious about follow-through and see it as an essential part of action-learning. 6) Companies need to realize that, in the end, lack of respect for people, is a sure cause for execution failure. These capabilities are described at length in the book Smarter Execution, published by IMD (also available from Amazon UK). Learning objectives: This note is very effective to support a group discussion on the execution capabilities of a company. It can be used by a senior management team before they decide to launch strategic initiatives; it can be used as part of a kick-off workshop when launching a strategic initiative; or it can be used along the way during execution to identify and correct execution frustrations.

Reference IMD-3-2428

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General Management

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Case Study

UrbanLuxe: Supply chain and M&A

This brief case exercise presents an increasingly common business scenario: An established player acquires a small, agile start-up to re-energize its value proposition. In this case, established global beauty giant UrbanLuxe acquires beauty start-up KYX. UrbanLuxe represents an old-school company selling a classic portfolio mainly via traditiona…

Supply Chain Mergers and Acquisitions Operations Strategy

By Ralf W. Seifert and Richard Markoff

Case Study

Governance at Theranos (B): The aftermath

This is a riveting case about poor board governance at Theranos that fostered a culture of deception and led to the company’s collapse and the criminal conviction of its celebrated founder, Elizabeth Holmes. Case B explains Theranos’s eventual collapse and highlights how the board contributed to a culture of deception within the company.

Board Business Ethics Leadership

By Anand Narasimhan and Shruti Bajpai

Case Study

Candles Killer: Lighting up the world at the bottom of the pyramid

Shenzhen Power-Solution (SPS), founded in 2009 in China as an entrepreneurial venture, disrupted traditional lighting markets in African villages with its flagship product, Candles Killer. This solar lamp, priced under $5, replaces hazardous kerosene lamps and has an optimized design (9 components, water-bottle stands). The candles killer solar …

Sustainability Customer Centricity Innovation Strategy

By Winter Nie and Yunfei Feng

Case Study

Governance at Theranos (A): A blindsided board

This is a riveting case about poor board governance at Theranos that fostered a culture of deception and led to the company’s collapse and the criminal conviction of its celebrated founder, Elizabeth Holmes. Case A outlines the establishment and growth of Theranos, it’s board expansion and the issues that led to the Wall Street Journal article t…

Board Business Ethics Leadership

By Anand Narasimhan and Shruti Bajpai

Case Study

Essential interpersonal skills for effective leadership

This note provides a comprehensive framework for understanding and developing the core interpersonal processes essential for effective leadership. It identifies and explores seven key processes: Communication, Visioning, Alliance Building, Persuasion, Exercising Power, Negotiation and Conflict Management. Each process is examined in detail, alon…

Leadership Stakeholder Management General Management Communication

By Michael D. Watkins

Essential interpersonal skills for effective leadership

By Michael D. Watkins
Case reference: IMD-7-2641 ©2025

Summary

This note provides a comprehensive framework for understanding and developing the core interpersonal processes essential for effective leadership. It identifies and explores seven key processes: Communication, Visioning, Alliance Building, Persuasion, Exercising Power, Negotiation and Conflict Management. Each process is examined in detail, along with its supporting skills and practical applications. The note emphasizes how these processes interconnect and build upon each other to create a robust leadership framework. Communication establishes a foundation of trust and clarity, which enables visioning to align teams toward common goals. Alliance building creates strategic partnerships that support the vision, while persuasion deepens these alliances. Power leverages these relationships to direct resources and maintain momentum, negotiation harmonizes diverse interests, and conflict management ensures disagreements don’t disrupt progress. The note also identifies five core supporting capabilities that enable effective engagement in these processes: Mindful Presence, Emotional Intelligence, Communication Mastery, Strategic Thinking and Adaptability. These capabilities form a progressive framework that allows leaders to navigate complex situations, connect meaningfully with others and make informed strategic decisions. Comprehensive and practical, this note serves as both a theoretical framework and an actionable toolkit for leaders seeking to enhance their interpersonal effectiveness. It includes an extensive reading list organized by process, providing resources for deeper exploration of each area.

Reference IMD-7-2641

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Leadership

Stakeholder Management

General Management

Communication

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Case Study

Six strategies for making better decisions under pressure

This note presents a comprehensive framework for improving decision-making capabilities in high-pressure, high-stakes environments. It introduces six evidence-based strategies that help leaders maintain clarity, focus and effectiveness when facing complex decisions under stress. The note explores each strategy in detail: managing emotional respo…

Decision Making General Management Leadership

By Michael D. Watkins

Six strategies for making better decisions under pressure

By Michael D. Watkins
Case reference: IMD-2676 ©2025

Summary

This note presents a comprehensive framework for improving decision-making capabilities in high-pressure, high-stakes environments. It introduces six evidence-based strategies that help leaders maintain clarity, focus and effectiveness when facing complex decisions under stress. The note explores each strategy in detail: managing emotional responses, strengthening situational awareness, training for cognitive agility, using structured decision-making models, enhancing decision speed and practicing under pressure. For each strategy, it provides specific tools and practical applications, illustrated through the case study of AcuWave, a mid-sized consumer electronics firm navigating challenging product launch decisions. Key tools examined include emotional self-regulation techniques, the OODA loop for situational awareness, pre-mortem analysis for cognitive agility, weighted decision matrices for structured decision-making, the 40-70 rule for balancing speed and accuracy, and crisis simulations for practical application. The note emphasizes that effective decision making under pressure integrates emotional regulation, cognitive flexibility, and structured processes. This practical guide serves as a valuable resource for leaders seeking to develop more robust decision-making capabilities in fast-paced business environments. By implementing these strategies, leaders can improve their ability to assess high-stakes situations quickly, make sound judgments with confidence, and maintain team effectiveness even under volatile and uncertain conditions.

Reference IMD-2676

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Decision Making

General Management

Leadership

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Case Study

The new protein buzz: Can Legendary Foods Africa feed the world with insects?

The case describes Legendary Foods Africa, a food-tech company founded in 2020 in Ghana by Canadian entrepreneur Shobhita Soor. Legendary Foods Africa is focused on farming, processing and selling palm weevil larvae products for human consumption. Palm weevil larvae, a traditional local food, are rich in protein, healthy fats and essential nutri…

Entrepreneurship Sustainability Social Innovation

By Sophie Bacq, Valerie Keller-Birrer and Ruth Shalom Kinyua

Case Study

The price of innovation: Will Medacta compromise its DNA by embracing robotics?

Medacta Group SA is a rising star in the orthopedics market, achieving global success through innovative products and techniques, with a particular emphasis on minimally invasive techniques that bring meaningful value to its patients. With its approaches such as Anterior Minimally Invasive Surgery (AMIS) for hip replacement and Kinematic Alignme…

Strategy Innovation

By Carlos Cordon, Antonio Di Brino, Jesper Fibiger, Frank Kristensen, Soniya Soniya and Alison End Fineberg

The price of innovation: Will Medacta compromise its DNA by embracing robotics?

By Carlos Cordon Antonio Di Brino Jesper Fibiger Frank Kristensen Soniya Soniya and Alison End Fineberg
Case reference: IMD-2663 ©2025

Summary

Medacta Group SA is a rising star in the orthopedics market, achieving global success through innovative products and techniques, with a particular emphasis on minimally invasive techniques that bring meaningful value to its patients. With its approaches such as Anterior Minimally Invasive Surgery (AMIS) for hip replacement and Kinematic Alignment for knees, Medacta offers high-quality techniques, supporting tools and cutting-edge implants. It also offers personalized surgeon education through the Medacta Orthopedic Research and Education (M.O.R.E.) Institute. Medacta is situated in an evolving landscape, with competitors including Stryker and Zimmer Biomet investing heavily in robotic technologies. Technological advances are being made in data-driven planning tools – including augmented reality – and research institutes are looking for the most advanced solutions as demanded by many hospitals and surgeons. Despite these trends in the industry, Medacta’s CEO, Francesco Siccardi has concerns regarding the value of existing robotic systems, noting their lack of proven benefits in patient outcomes or cost reductions, especially in a context of increasing emphasis on value-based care and sustainability. The case explores the opportunities and challenges confronting Medacta as they decide whether to enter the orthopedic robotics market. The company wants to continue to differentiate itself and drive growth in line with its foundational principles of patient care, operational excellence and sustainable innovation. Today, Francesco faces a critical decision around whether now is the time to enter the robotics market and, if so, how Medacta should do so to preserve its culture and stay true to its DNA.

Reference IMD-2663

Copyright owner IMD Copyright

Organization Medacta Group

Industry Healthcare, Medical Device

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Strategy

Innovation

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Case Study

Aluminium Cyclo Enterprises Malaysia: How to manage a supply chain disruption?

In 2024, the management of Aluminium Cyclo Enterprises (ACE), was concerned that the European Union (EU) export rules for ferrous and non-ferrous scrap were becoming more restrictive. Not just the EU, but close to 43 countries had restricted the export of ferrous scrap. The overall secondary aluminum industry in Malaysia was very dependent on im…

Marketing

By Dominique Turpin, Anamaya Narain Singh, Cyril Darlong Diengdoh and Sandeep Puri

Case Study

Co-CEOs at Handtmann: Can the family business be led in tandem? (B)

The Handtmann case examines the co-CEO leadership model in the context of family business. Based on interviews with three key executives – the co-CEOs and the President of the Advisory Board – the case focuses on how Handtmann handled the leadership transition to the next generation. In Case B of “Co-CEOs at Handtmann: Can the Family Business be…

Family Business Corporate Governance Leadership

By Peter Vogel and Anouk Lavoie Orlick

Case Study

Your company (and your life) in the hands of an AI agent?

The case study introduces an original way of exploring the many questions and concerns around AI adoption in business. Based on a true story, it discusses the dilemma of AI implementation through Joe, the CIO of ParcelFlow. Joe is getting ready to present his AI strategy to the company’s executive committee. Joe is also diabetic and on the morni…

Artificial Intelligence Digital Strategy

By José Parra Moyano and Alix Rey

Case Study

Building and leveraging your leader amplification system

This technical note presents a comprehensive framework for maximizing leadership impact through a Leader Amplification System (LAS). The note begins by defining one’s unique value-creating purpose, then goes on to explore how leaders can extend their influence and effectiveness by developing four key amplifiers. The note examines each amplifier …

Leadership Data Analytics Decision Making Resilience

By Michael D. Watkins

Building and leveraging your leader amplification system

By Michael D. Watkins
Case reference: IMD-2658 ©2025

Summary

This technical note presents a comprehensive framework for maximizing leadership impact through a Leader Amplification System (LAS). The note begins by defining one’s unique value-creating purpose, then goes on to explore how leaders can extend their influence and effectiveness by developing four key amplifiers. The note examines each amplifier in detail: first, the leadership team, which provides the core extension of the leader’s capabilities; second, the support system, including key roles like executive assistants and chiefs of staff; third, advanced analytics and decision-support tools that leverage modern technology for enhanced decision-making; and fourth, a diverse advice network that provides external perspectives and specialized expertise. For each amplifier, the note offers practical guidance on development and implementation, including specific Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for measuring effectiveness. It also emphasizes the importance of creating synergies among these amplifiers, ensuring that they work together seamlessly to support the leader’s unique value-creating purpose.

Reference IMD-2658

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Leadership

Data Analytics

Decision Making

Resilience

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Case Study

Moving up to enterprise leadership: The Seven Seismic Shifts

This Technical Note explores the significant transition that leaders face when moving from functional to enterprise-level leadership roles. It introduces the “Seven Seismic Shifts” framework, which identifies the fundamental changes in mindset and responsibility required for success at the enterprise level. The note examines each shift in detail…

General Management Leadership Organizational Design

By Michael D. Watkins

Moving up to enterprise leadership: The Seven Seismic Shifts

By Michael D. Watkins
Case reference: IMD-2675 ©2025

Summary

This Technical Note explores the significant transition that leaders face when moving from functional to enterprise-level leadership roles. It introduces the “Seven Seismic Shifts” framework, which identifies the fundamental changes in mindset and responsibility required for success at the enterprise level. The note examines each shift in detail: from specialist to generalist, analyst to integrator, tactician to strategist, bricklayer to architect, problem-solver to agenda-setter, warrior to diplomat, and supporting cast to lead role. Using the case example of Johannes Vandervliet, a leader transitioning to general manager at BSC Chemicals, the note illustrates the practical challenges of navigating these shifts and balancing existing skills with new leadership demands. Beyond identifying these transitions, the note provides a comprehensive approach for organizations to assess and develop enterprise leadership talent. This includes rigorous assessment methods, structured developmental experiences, targeted conceptual learning, executive coaching, mentoring and sponsorship programs, and ongoing evaluation systems. The note emphasizes that effective enterprise leadership development requires deliberate effort and organizational support, not just time and experience. It offers valuable insights for both aspiring enterprise leaders seeking to understand their development needs and organizations looking to build robust leadership pipelines to navigate increasingly complex business environments.

Reference IMD-2675

Copyright owner IMD Copyright

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General Management

Leadership

Organizational Design

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