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    New Zealand

    The Hinrich-IMD Sustainable Trade Index 2022

    New Zealand

    The Hinrich-IMD Sustainable Trade Index 2022

    Overall
    Rank
    Out of 30
    01
    Score
    (0-100)
    100,0
    Pillars
    Rank
    Pillars
    Score
    07
    Economic
    73,0
    01
    Societal
    100,0
    01
    Environmental
    100,0
    Background information
    Population,
    millions
    5,12
    Small
    Wealth,
    GDP per Capita US$
    48.001
    High
    Membership
    APEC, CPTPP, RCEP
    Indicator
    Rank
    1.01. Consumer price inflation
    20
    Value:
    3,94
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    54,2
    1.02. Real GDP Growth per capita, % GDP
    11
    Value:
    5,03
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    91,7
    1.03. Growth in labor force, %
    17
    Value:
    0,65
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    17,6
    1.04. Foreign direct investment, net inflows, % GDP
    11
    Value:
    1,93
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    15,2
    1.05. Gross fixed capital formation, % GDP
    15
    Value:
    22,78
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    53,1
    1.06. Tariff & non-tariff barriers
    11
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    57,9
    1.06.01. Tariff barriers
    07
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    73,3
    1.06.01.a. Tariff barriers in force
    11
    Value:
    271,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    34,1
    1.06.01.b. New tariff barriers 2021
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    1.06.01.c. Percentage of trade affected by tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    06
    Value:
    3,10
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    94,2
    1.06.02. Non-tariff barriers
    16
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    49,5
    1.06.02.a. Non-tariff barriers in force
    10
    Value:
    147,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    56,0
    1.06.02.b. New non-tariff barriers 2021
    18
    Value:
    218,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    38,4
    1.06.02.c. Percentage of trade affected by non-tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    08
    Value:
    42,67
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    54,1
    1.07. Trade liberalization
    11
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    66,0
    1.07.01. Regional Trade Agreements, number in force
    16
    Value:
    13,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    24,2
    1.07.02. Capital account liberalization, Index
    01
    Value:
    2,32
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    100,0
    1.07.03. Investment Freedom, Index
    09
    Value:
    70,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    76,9
    1.08. Exchange rate stability, parity change from national currency to SDR, 2020/2018
    14
    Value:
    0,04
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    85,2
    1.09. Domestic credit to private sector, % of GDP
    06
    Value:
    161,28
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    59,7
    1.10. Foreign trade and payments risk
    04
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    90,0
    1.10.01. Country credit rating
    03
    Value:
    76,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    98,5
    1.10.02. Gross debt, % GDP
    11
    Value:
    49,08
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    81,9
    1.11. Trade costs
    02
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    99,5
    1.11.01. Logistics performance, index
    06
    Value:
    3,88
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    91,9
    1.11.02. Corruption perceptions, index
    01
    Value:
    88,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    1.11.03. Rule of law, index
    01
    Value:
    99,04
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    100,0
    1.12. Monetary policy intervention
    10
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    40,8
    1.12.01. Current account balance, % GDP
    03
    Value:
    -5,78
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    57,1
    1.12.02. Total reserves (includes gold)1 year change, % GDP
    18
    Value:
    -0,01
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    40,6
    1.13. Export concentration
    09
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    65,3
    1.13.01. Export market concentration, Top 5 as % total
    18
    Value:
    62,31
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    52,7
    1.13.02. Export product concentration, Top 5 as % total
    07
    Value:
    48,42
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    81,1
    1.14. Exports of goods and services
    21
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    12,9
    1.14.01. Merchandise exports, US$
    21
    Value:
    44,867,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    22,9
    1.14.02. Commercial services exports, US$
    18
    Value:
    9,699,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    1,3
    1.15. Technological innovation
    09
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    47,0
    1.15.01. R&D expenditure, % GDP
    10
    Value:
    1,41
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    28,8
    1.15.02. Researchers in R&D, per capita
    04
    Value:
    5,85
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    67,1
    1.15.03. Patent applications, per million inhabitants
    09
    Value:
    467,36
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    9,3
    1.15.04. High-technology exports, % of manufactured exports
    18
    Value:
    10,14
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    13,0
    1.15.05. Scientific articles, per million people
    04
    Value:
    1,766,32
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    74,4
    1.16. Technological infrastructure
    06
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    76,5
    1.16.01. Fixed internet speed, Mbps
    06
    Value:
    133,84
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    68,9
    1.16.02. Internet users, % population
    07
    Value:
    91,50
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    93,6
    1.16.03. Fixed broadband subscriptions
    06
    Value:
    36,60
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    84,0
    1.16.04. Mobile subscriptions (per 100 people)
    15
    Value:
    127,49
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    32,7
    Rank
    Value
    Year
    Score
    1.01
    Consumer price inflation
    20
    3,94
    2021
    54,2
    1.02
    Real GDP Growth per capita, % GDP
    11
    5,03
    2021
    91,7
    1.03
    Growth in labor force, %
    17
    0,65
    2021
    17,6
    1.04
    Foreign direct investment, net inflows, % GDP
    11
    1,93
    2020
    15,2
    1.05
    Gross fixed capital formation, % GDP
    15
    22,78
    2020
    53,1
    1.06
    Tariff & non-tariff barriers
    11
    0,00
    –
    57,9
    1.06.01
    Tariff barriers
    07
    0,00
    –
    73,3
    1.06.01.a
    Tariff barriers in force
    11
    271,00
    2021
    34,1
    1.06.01.b
    New tariff barriers 2021
    01
    0,00
    2021
    100,0
    1.06.01.c
    Percentage of trade affected by tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    06
    3,10
    2018
    94,2
    1.06.02
    Non-tariff barriers
    16
    0,00
    –
    49,5
    1.06.02.a
    Non-tariff barriers in force
    10
    147,00
    2021
    56,0
    1.06.02.b
    New non-tariff barriers 2021
    18
    218,00
    2021
    38,4
    1.06.02.c
    Percentage of trade affected by non-tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    08
    42,67
    2018
    54,1
    1.07
    Trade liberalization
    11
    0,00
    –
    66,0
    1.07.01
    Regional Trade Agreements, number in force
    16
    13,00
    2022
    24,2
    1.07.02
    Capital account liberalization, Index
    01
    2,32
    2019
    100,0
    1.07.03
    Investment Freedom, Index
    09
    70,00
    2022
    76,9
    1.08
    Exchange rate stability, parity change from national currency to SDR, 2020/2018
    14
    0,04
    2021
    85,2
    1.09
    Domestic credit to private sector, % of GDP
    06
    161,28
    2020
    59,7
    1.10
    Foreign trade and payments risk
    04
    0,00
    –
    90,0
    1.10.01
    Country credit rating
    03
    76,00
    2022
    98,5
    1.10.02
    Gross debt, % GDP
    11
    49,08
    2021
    81,9
    1.11
    Trade costs
    02
    0,00
    –
    99,5
    1.11.01
    Logistics performance, index
    06
    3,88
    2018
    91,9
    1.11.02
    Corruption perceptions, index
    01
    88,00
    2021
    100,0
    1.11.03
    Rule of law, index
    01
    99,04
    2020
    100,0
    1.12
    Monetary policy intervention
    10
    0,00
    –
    40,8
    1.12.01
    Current account balance, % GDP
    03
    -5,78
    2021
    57,1
    1.12.02
    Total reserves (includes gold)1 year change, % GDP
    18
    -0,01
    2021
    40,6
    1.13
    Export concentration
    09
    0,00
    –
    65,3
    1.13.01
    Export market concentration, Top 5 as % total
    18
    62,31
    2021
    52,7
    1.13.02
    Export product concentration, Top 5 as % total
    07
    48,42
    2021
    81,1
    1.14
    Exports of goods and services
    21
    0,00
    –
    12,9
    1.14.01
    Merchandise exports, US$
    21
    44,867,00
    2021
    22,9
    1.14.02
    Commercial services exports, US$
    18
    9,699,00
    2021
    1,3
    1.15
    Technological innovation
    09
    0,00
    –
    47,0
    1.15.01
    R&D expenditure, % GDP
    10
    1,41
    2019
    28,8
    1.15.02
    Researchers in R&D, per capita
    04
    5,85
    2019
    67,1
    1.15.03
    Patent applications, per million inhabitants
    09
    467,36
    2020
    9,3
    1.15.04
    High-technology exports, % of manufactured exports
    18
    10,14
    2020
    13,0
    1.15.05
    Scientific articles, per million people
    04
    1,766,32
    2020
    74,4
    1.16
    Technological infrastructure
    06
    0,00
    –
    76,5
    1.16.01
    Fixed internet speed, Mbps
    06
    133,84
    2021
    68,9
    1.16.02
    Internet users, % population
    07
    91,50
    2020
    93,6
    1.16.03
    Fixed broadband subscriptions
    06
    36,60
    2020
    84,0
    1.16.04
    Mobile subscriptions (per 100 people)
    15
    127,49
    2020
    32,7
    Indicator
    Rank
    2.01. Inequality (Gini coefficient)
    07
    Value:
    34,90
    Year:
    2015
    Score:
    61,8
    2.02. Educational attainment
    06
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    65,3
    2.02.01. Mean years of schooling
    05
    Value:
    12,78
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    92,8
    2.02.02. University education Index
    07
    Value:
    24,89
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    19,4
    2.02.03. Tertiary enrollment
    09
    Value:
    80,30
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    66,8
    2.03. Labor standards
    03
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    96,1
    2.03.01. Gender non-discrimination in hiring
    01
    Value:
    100,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    100,0
    2.03.02. Freedom of association and assembly
    03
    Value:
    0,79
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    92,1
    2.04. Political stability and absence of violence
    01
    Value:
    97,64
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    100,0
    2.05. Goods produced by forced labor or child labor
    03
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    99,0
    2.05.01. Goods produced by forced labor
    03
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    98,5
    2.05.01.a. Goods produced by forced labor, number of goods categories
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    2.05.01.b. % population in forced labor
    04
    Value:
    0,64
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    97,8
    2.05.02. Goods produced by child labor, number of goods categories
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    2.06. Government response to human trafficking
    06
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    83,8
    2.06.01. Government response to human trafficking, Criminalization
    04
    Value:
    6,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    80,0
    2.06.02. Government response to human trafficking, Strategy
    06
    Value:
    57,56
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    73,3
    2.06.03. Government response to human trafficking, Action
    09
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    66,7
    2.07. Trade in goods at risk of modern slavery
    07
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    65,0
    2.07.01. Imports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    11
    Value:
    2,074,45
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    35,5
    2.07.02. Exports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    100,0
    2.08. Social mobility, Index
    06
    Value:
    74,30
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    95,4
    2.09. Life expectancy at birth
    07
    Value:
    82,50
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    85,1
    Rank
    Value
    Year
    Score
    2.01
    Inequality (Gini coefficient)
    07
    34,90
    2015
    61,8
    2.02
    Educational attainment
    06
    0,00
    –
    65,3
    2.02.01
    Mean years of schooling
    05
    12,78
    2019
    92,8
    2.02.02
    University education Index
    07
    24,89
    2021
    19,4
    2.02.03
    Tertiary enrollment
    09
    80,30
    2019
    66,8
    2.03
    Labor standards
    03
    0,00
    –
    96,1
    2.03.01
    Gender non-discrimination in hiring
    01
    100,00
    2022
    100,0
    2.03.02
    Freedom of association and assembly
    03
    0,79
    2021
    92,1
    2.04
    Political stability and absence of violence
    01
    97,64
    2020
    100,0
    2.05
    Goods produced by forced labor or child labor
    03
    0,00
    –
    99,0
    2.05.01
    Goods produced by forced labor
    03
    0,00
    –
    98,5
    2.05.01.a
    Goods produced by forced labor, number of goods categories
    01
    0,00
    2021
    100,0
    2.05.01.b
    % population in forced labor
    04
    0,64
    2018
    97,8
    2.05.02
    Goods produced by child labor, number of goods categories
    01
    0,00
    2021
    100,0
    2.06
    Government response to human trafficking
    06
    0,00
    –
    83,8
    2.06.01
    Government response to human trafficking, Criminalization
    04
    6,00
    2021
    80,0
    2.06.02
    Government response to human trafficking, Strategy
    06
    57,56
    2018
    73,3
    2.06.03
    Government response to human trafficking, Action
    09
    2,00
    2021
    66,7
    2.07
    Trade in goods at risk of modern slavery
    07
    0,00
    –
    65,0
    2.07.01
    Imports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    11
    2,074,45
    2020
    35,5
    2.07.02
    Exports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    01
    0,00
    2020
    100,0
    2.08
    Social mobility, Index
    06
    74,30
    2020
    95,4
    2.09
    Life expectancy at birth
    07
    82,50
    2021
    85,1
    Indicator
    Rank
    3.01. Air pollution
    01
    Value:
    6,05
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    100,0
    3.02. Deforestation
    14
    Value:
    0,01
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    29,0
    3.03. % of wastewater treated
    09
    Value:
    85,14
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    84,9
    3.04. Energy intensity
    06
    Value:
    71,25
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    82,9
    3.05. Ecological footprint
    21
    Value:
    5,30
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    38,4
    3.06. Renewable energy
    05
    Value:
    40,39
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    69,1
    3.07. Environmental standards in trade
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.01. Convention: Hazardous Wastes
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.02. Convention: Prevention of Marine Pollution
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.03. Convention: Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna)
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.04. Convention on Climate Change (Kyoto)
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.05. The International Timber Agreement
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.06. Convention: International Trade in Endangered Species
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.07. Convention: Prior Informed Consent – Hazardous Chemicals (Rotterdam)
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.08. Transfer emissions
    18
    Value:
    -0,71
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    22,6
    3.09. Share of natural resources in trade
    05
    Value:
    3,68
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    92,0
    3.10. Carbon
    04
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    85,5
    3.10.1. Carbon pricing
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    100,0
    3.10.2. CO2 emissions per capita
    20
    Value:
    8,07
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    54,8
    Rank
    Value
    Year
    Score
    3.01
    Air pollution
    01
    6,05
    2019
    100,0
    3.02
    Deforestation
    14
    0,01
    2020
    29,0
    3.03
    % of wastewater treated
    09
    85,14
    2020
    84,9
    3.04
    Energy intensity
    06
    71,25
    2019
    82,9
    3.05
    Ecological footprint
    21
    5,30
    2018
    38,4
    3.06
    Renewable energy
    05
    40,39
    2019
    69,1
    3.07
    Environmental standards in trade
    01
    0,00
    –
    100,0
    3.07.01
    Convention: Hazardous Wastes
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.02
    Convention: Prevention of Marine Pollution
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.03
    Convention: Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna)
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.04
    Convention on Climate Change (Kyoto)
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.05
    The International Timber Agreement
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.06
    Convention: International Trade in Endangered Species
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.07
    Convention: Prior Informed Consent – Hazardous Chemicals (Rotterdam)
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.08
    Transfer emissions
    18
    -0,71
    2019
    22,6
    3.09
    Share of natural resources in trade
    05
    3,68
    2020
    92,0
    3.10
    Carbon
    04
    0,00
    –
    85,5
    3.10.1
    Carbon pricing
    01
    2,00
    2022
    100,0
    3.10.2
    CO2 emissions per capita
    20
    8,07
    2019
    54,8
    Indicator
    Rank
    1.01. Consumer price inflation
    20
    Value:
    3,94
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    54,2
    1.02. Real GDP Growth per capita, % GDP
    11
    Value:
    5,03
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    91,7
    1.03. Growth in labor force, %
    17
    Value:
    0,65
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    17,6
    1.04. Foreign direct investment, net inflows, % GDP
    11
    Value:
    1,93
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    15,2
    1.05. Gross fixed capital formation, % GDP
    15
    Value:
    22,78
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    53,1
    1.06. Tariff & non-tariff barriers
    11
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    57,9
    1.06.01. Tariff barriers
    07
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    73,3
    1.06.01.a. Tariff barriers in force
    11
    Value:
    271,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    34,1
    1.06.01.b. New tariff barriers 2021
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    1.06.01.c. Percentage of trade affected by tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    06
    Value:
    3,10
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    94,2
    1.06.02. Non-tariff barriers
    16
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    49,5
    1.06.02.a. Non-tariff barriers in force
    10
    Value:
    147,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    56,0
    1.06.02.b. New non-tariff barriers 2021
    18
    Value:
    218,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    38,4
    1.06.02.c. Percentage of trade affected by non-tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    08
    Value:
    42,67
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    54,1
    1.07. Trade liberalization
    11
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    66,0
    1.07.01. Regional Trade Agreements, number in force
    16
    Value:
    13,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    24,2
    1.07.02. Capital account liberalization, Index
    01
    Value:
    2,32
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    100,0
    1.07.03. Investment Freedom, Index
    09
    Value:
    70,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    76,9
    1.08. Exchange rate stability, parity change from national currency to SDR, 2020/2018
    14
    Value:
    0,04
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    85,2
    1.09. Domestic credit to private sector, % of GDP
    06
    Value:
    161,28
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    59,7
    1.10. Foreign trade and payments risk
    04
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    90,0
    1.10.01. Country credit rating
    03
    Value:
    76,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    98,5
    1.10.02. Gross debt, % GDP
    11
    Value:
    49,08
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    81,9
    1.11. Trade costs
    02
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    99,5
    1.11.01. Logistics performance, index
    06
    Value:
    3,88
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    91,9
    1.11.02. Corruption perceptions, index
    01
    Value:
    88,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    1.11.03. Rule of law, index
    01
    Value:
    99,04
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    100,0
    1.12. Monetary policy intervention
    10
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    40,8
    1.12.01. Current account balance, % GDP
    03
    Value:
    -5,78
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    57,1
    1.12.02. Total reserves (includes gold)1 year change, % GDP
    18
    Value:
    -0,01
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    40,6
    1.13. Export concentration
    09
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    65,3
    1.13.01. Export market concentration, Top 5 as % total
    18
    Value:
    62,31
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    52,7
    1.13.02. Export product concentration, Top 5 as % total
    07
    Value:
    48,42
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    81,1
    1.14. Exports of goods and services
    21
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    12,9
    1.14.01. Merchandise exports, US$
    21
    Value:
    44,867,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    22,9
    1.14.02. Commercial services exports, US$
    18
    Value:
    9,699,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    1,3
    1.15. Technological innovation
    09
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    47,0
    1.15.01. R&D expenditure, % GDP
    10
    Value:
    1,41
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    28,8
    1.15.02. Researchers in R&D, per capita
    04
    Value:
    5,85
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    67,1
    1.15.03. Patent applications, per million inhabitants
    09
    Value:
    467,36
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    9,3
    1.15.04. High-technology exports, % of manufactured exports
    18
    Value:
    10,14
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    13,0
    1.15.05. Scientific articles, per million people
    04
    Value:
    1,766,32
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    74,4
    1.16. Technological infrastructure
    06
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    76,5
    1.16.01. Fixed internet speed, Mbps
    06
    Value:
    133,84
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    68,9
    1.16.02. Internet users, % population
    07
    Value:
    91,50
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    93,6
    1.16.03. Fixed broadband subscriptions
    06
    Value:
    36,60
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    84,0
    1.16.04. Mobile subscriptions (per 100 people)
    15
    Value:
    127,49
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    32,7
    Rank
    Value
    Year
    Score
    1.01
    Consumer price inflation
    20
    3,94
    2021
    54,2
    1.02
    Real GDP Growth per capita, % GDP
    11
    5,03
    2021
    91,7
    1.03
    Growth in labor force, %
    17
    0,65
    2021
    17,6
    1.04
    Foreign direct investment, net inflows, % GDP
    11
    1,93
    2020
    15,2
    1.05
    Gross fixed capital formation, % GDP
    15
    22,78
    2020
    53,1
    1.06
    Tariff & non-tariff barriers
    11
    0,00
    –
    57,9
    1.06.01
    Tariff barriers
    07
    0,00
    –
    73,3
    1.06.01.a
    Tariff barriers in force
    11
    271,00
    2021
    34,1
    1.06.01.b
    New tariff barriers 2021
    01
    0,00
    2021
    100,0
    1.06.01.c
    Percentage of trade affected by tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    06
    3,10
    2018
    94,2
    1.06.02
    Non-tariff barriers
    16
    0,00
    –
    49,5
    1.06.02.a
    Non-tariff barriers in force
    10
    147,00
    2021
    56,0
    1.06.02.b
    New non-tariff barriers 2021
    18
    218,00
    2021
    38,4
    1.06.02.c
    Percentage of trade affected by non-tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    08
    42,67
    2018
    54,1
    1.07
    Trade liberalization
    11
    0,00
    –
    66,0
    1.07.01
    Regional Trade Agreements, number in force
    16
    13,00
    2022
    24,2
    1.07.02
    Capital account liberalization, Index
    01
    2,32
    2019
    100,0
    1.07.03
    Investment Freedom, Index
    09
    70,00
    2022
    76,9
    1.08
    Exchange rate stability, parity change from national currency to SDR, 2020/2018
    14
    0,04
    2021
    85,2
    1.09
    Domestic credit to private sector, % of GDP
    06
    161,28
    2020
    59,7
    1.10
    Foreign trade and payments risk
    04
    0,00
    –
    90,0
    1.10.01
    Country credit rating
    03
    76,00
    2022
    98,5
    1.10.02
    Gross debt, % GDP
    11
    49,08
    2021
    81,9
    1.11
    Trade costs
    02
    0,00
    –
    99,5
    1.11.01
    Logistics performance, index
    06
    3,88
    2018
    91,9
    1.11.02
    Corruption perceptions, index
    01
    88,00
    2021
    100,0
    1.11.03
    Rule of law, index
    01
    99,04
    2020
    100,0
    1.12
    Monetary policy intervention
    10
    0,00
    –
    40,8
    1.12.01
    Current account balance, % GDP
    03
    -5,78
    2021
    57,1
    1.12.02
    Total reserves (includes gold)1 year change, % GDP
    18
    -0,01
    2021
    40,6
    1.13
    Export concentration
    09
    0,00
    –
    65,3
    1.13.01
    Export market concentration, Top 5 as % total
    18
    62,31
    2021
    52,7
    1.13.02
    Export product concentration, Top 5 as % total
    07
    48,42
    2021
    81,1
    1.14
    Exports of goods and services
    21
    0,00
    –
    12,9
    1.14.01
    Merchandise exports, US$
    21
    44,867,00
    2021
    22,9
    1.14.02
    Commercial services exports, US$
    18
    9,699,00
    2021
    1,3
    1.15
    Technological innovation
    09
    0,00
    –
    47,0
    1.15.01
    R&D expenditure, % GDP
    10
    1,41
    2019
    28,8
    1.15.02
    Researchers in R&D, per capita
    04
    5,85
    2019
    67,1
    1.15.03
    Patent applications, per million inhabitants
    09
    467,36
    2020
    9,3
    1.15.04
    High-technology exports, % of manufactured exports
    18
    10,14
    2020
    13,0
    1.15.05
    Scientific articles, per million people
    04
    1,766,32
    2020
    74,4
    1.16
    Technological infrastructure
    06
    0,00
    –
    76,5
    1.16.01
    Fixed internet speed, Mbps
    06
    133,84
    2021
    68,9
    1.16.02
    Internet users, % population
    07
    91,50
    2020
    93,6
    1.16.03
    Fixed broadband subscriptions
    06
    36,60
    2020
    84,0
    1.16.04
    Mobile subscriptions (per 100 people)
    15
    127,49
    2020
    32,7
    Indicator
    Rank
    2.01. Inequality (Gini coefficient)
    07
    Value:
    34,90
    Year:
    2015
    Score:
    61,8
    2.02. Educational attainment
    06
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    65,3
    2.02.01. Mean years of schooling
    05
    Value:
    12,78
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    92,8
    2.02.02. University education Index
    07
    Value:
    24,89
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    19,4
    2.02.03. Tertiary enrollment
    09
    Value:
    80,30
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    66,8
    2.03. Labor standards
    03
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    96,1
    2.03.01. Gender non-discrimination in hiring
    01
    Value:
    100,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    100,0
    2.03.02. Freedom of association and assembly
    03
    Value:
    0,79
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    92,1
    2.04. Political stability and absence of violence
    01
    Value:
    97,64
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    100,0
    2.05. Goods produced by forced labor or child labor
    03
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    99,0
    2.05.01. Goods produced by forced labor
    03
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    98,5
    2.05.01.a. Goods produced by forced labor, number of goods categories
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    2.05.01.b. % population in forced labor
    04
    Value:
    0,64
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    97,8
    2.05.02. Goods produced by child labor, number of goods categories
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    2.06. Government response to human trafficking
    06
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    83,8
    2.06.01. Government response to human trafficking, Criminalization
    04
    Value:
    6,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    80,0
    2.06.02. Government response to human trafficking, Strategy
    06
    Value:
    57,56
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    73,3
    2.06.03. Government response to human trafficking, Action
    09
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    66,7
    2.07. Trade in goods at risk of modern slavery
    07
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    65,0
    2.07.01. Imports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    11
    Value:
    2,074,45
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    35,5
    2.07.02. Exports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    100,0
    2.08. Social mobility, Index
    06
    Value:
    74,30
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    95,4
    2.09. Life expectancy at birth
    07
    Value:
    82,50
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    85,1
    Rank
    Value
    Year
    Score
    2.01
    Inequality (Gini coefficient)
    07
    34,90
    2015
    61,8
    2.02
    Educational attainment
    06
    0,00
    –
    65,3
    2.02.01
    Mean years of schooling
    05
    12,78
    2019
    92,8
    2.02.02
    University education Index
    07
    24,89
    2021
    19,4
    2.02.03
    Tertiary enrollment
    09
    80,30
    2019
    66,8
    2.03
    Labor standards
    03
    0,00
    –
    96,1
    2.03.01
    Gender non-discrimination in hiring
    01
    100,00
    2022
    100,0
    2.03.02
    Freedom of association and assembly
    03
    0,79
    2021
    92,1
    2.04
    Political stability and absence of violence
    01
    97,64
    2020
    100,0
    2.05
    Goods produced by forced labor or child labor
    03
    0,00
    –
    99,0
    2.05.01
    Goods produced by forced labor
    03
    0,00
    –
    98,5
    2.05.01.a
    Goods produced by forced labor, number of goods categories
    01
    0,00
    2021
    100,0
    2.05.01.b
    % population in forced labor
    04
    0,64
    2018
    97,8
    2.05.02
    Goods produced by child labor, number of goods categories
    01
    0,00
    2021
    100,0
    2.06
    Government response to human trafficking
    06
    0,00
    –
    83,8
    2.06.01
    Government response to human trafficking, Criminalization
    04
    6,00
    2021
    80,0
    2.06.02
    Government response to human trafficking, Strategy
    06
    57,56
    2018
    73,3
    2.06.03
    Government response to human trafficking, Action
    09
    2,00
    2021
    66,7
    2.07
    Trade in goods at risk of modern slavery
    07
    0,00
    –
    65,0
    2.07.01
    Imports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    11
    2,074,45
    2020
    35,5
    2.07.02
    Exports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    01
    0,00
    2020
    100,0
    2.08
    Social mobility, Index
    06
    74,30
    2020
    95,4
    2.09
    Life expectancy at birth
    07
    82,50
    2021
    85,1
    Indicator
    Rank
    3.01. Air pollution
    01
    Value:
    6,05
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    100,0
    3.02. Deforestation
    14
    Value:
    0,01
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    29,0
    3.03. % of wastewater treated
    09
    Value:
    85,14
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    84,9
    3.04. Energy intensity
    06
    Value:
    71,25
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    82,9
    3.05. Ecological footprint
    21
    Value:
    5,30
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    38,4
    3.06. Renewable energy
    05
    Value:
    40,39
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    69,1
    3.07. Environmental standards in trade
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.01. Convention: Hazardous Wastes
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.02. Convention: Prevention of Marine Pollution
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.03. Convention: Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna)
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.04. Convention on Climate Change (Kyoto)
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.05. The International Timber Agreement
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.06. Convention: International Trade in Endangered Species
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.07. Convention: Prior Informed Consent – Hazardous Chemicals (Rotterdam)
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.08. Transfer emissions
    18
    Value:
    -0,71
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    22,6
    3.09. Share of natural resources in trade
    05
    Value:
    3,68
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    92,0
    3.10. Carbon
    04
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    85,5
    3.10.1. Carbon pricing
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    100,0
    3.10.2. CO2 emissions per capita
    20
    Value:
    8,07
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    54,8
    Rank
    Value
    Year
    Score
    3.01
    Air pollution
    01
    6,05
    2019
    100,0
    3.02
    Deforestation
    14
    0,01
    2020
    29,0
    3.03
    % of wastewater treated
    09
    85,14
    2020
    84,9
    3.04
    Energy intensity
    06
    71,25
    2019
    82,9
    3.05
    Ecological footprint
    21
    5,30
    2018
    38,4
    3.06
    Renewable energy
    05
    40,39
    2019
    69,1
    3.07
    Environmental standards in trade
    01
    0,00
    –
    100,0
    3.07.01
    Convention: Hazardous Wastes
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.02
    Convention: Prevention of Marine Pollution
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.03
    Convention: Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna)
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.04
    Convention on Climate Change (Kyoto)
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.05
    The International Timber Agreement
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.06
    Convention: International Trade in Endangered Species
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.07
    Convention: Prior Informed Consent – Hazardous Chemicals (Rotterdam)
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.08
    Transfer emissions
    18
    -0,71
    2019
    22,6
    3.09
    Share of natural resources in trade
    05
    3,68
    2020
    92,0
    3.10
    Carbon
    04
    0,00
    –
    85,5
    3.10.1
    Carbon pricing
    01
    2,00
    2022
    100,0
    3.10.2
    CO2 emissions per capita
    20
    8,07
    2019
    54,8