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    Hong Kong, SAR

    The Hinrich-IMD Sustainable Trade Index 2022

    Hong Kong, SAR

    The Hinrich-IMD Sustainable Trade Index 2022

    Overall
    Rank
    Out of 30
    03
    Score
    (0-100)
    87,9
    Pillars
    Rank
    Pillars
    Score
    01
    Economic
    100,0
    10
    Societal
    71,3
    08
    Environmental
    74,8
    Background information
    Population,
    millions
    7,40
    Small
    Wealth,
    GDP per Capita US$
    49.668
    High
    Membership
    APEC
    Indicator
    Rank
    1.01. Consumer price inflation
    07
    Value:
    1,57
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    80,1
    1.02. Real GDP Growth per capita, % GDP
    07
    Value:
    6,76
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    93,9
    1.03. Growth in labor force, %
    28
    Value:
    -0,66
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    9,9
    1.04. Foreign direct investment, net inflows, % GDP
    01
    Value:
    33,89
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    100,0
    1.05. Gross fixed capital formation, % GDP
    25
    Value:
    17,12
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    39,9
    1.06. Tariff & non-tariff barriers
    06
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    78,0
    1.06.01. Tariff barriers
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    100,0
    1.06.01.a. Tariff barriers in force
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    1.06.01.b. New tariff barriers 2021
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    1.06.01.c. Percentage of trade affected by tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    00
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    0,0
    1.06.02. Non-tariff barriers
    11
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    59,7
    1.06.02.a. Non-tariff barriers in force
    07
    Value:
    66,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    62,9
    1.06.02.b. New non-tariff barriers 2021
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    1.06.02.c. Percentage of trade affected by non-tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    23
    Value:
    69,64
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    16,1
    1.07. Trade liberalization
    10
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    66,1
    1.07.01. Regional Trade Agreements, number in force
    23
    Value:
    8,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    9,1
    1.07.02. Capital account liberalization, Index
    01
    Value:
    2,32
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    100,0
    1.07.03. Investment Freedom, Index
    03
    Value:
    80,00
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    92,3
    1.08. Exchange rate stability, parity change from national currency to SDR, 2020/2018
    05
    Value:
    0,02
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    94,3
    1.09. Domestic credit to private sector, % of GDP
    01
    Value:
    258,43
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    100,0
    1.10. Foreign trade and payments risk
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    100,0
    1.10.01. Country credit rating
    04
    Value:
    73,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    93,9
    1.10.02. Gross debt, % GDP
    02
    Value:
    2,14
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    99,9
    1.11. Trade costs
    05
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    90,8
    1.11.01. Logistics performance, index
    04
    Value:
    3,92
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    94,1
    1.11.02. Corruption perceptions, index
    04
    Value:
    76,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    81,5
    1.11.03. Rule of law, index
    05
    Value:
    91,83
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    91,8
    1.12. Monetary policy intervention
    05
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    46,8
    1.12.01. Current account balance, % GDP
    27
    Value:
    11,20
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    22,2
    1.12.02. Total reserves (includes gold)1 year change, % GDP
    02
    Value:
    -7,63
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    84,0
    1.13. Export concentration
    28
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    25,5
    1.13.01. Export market concentration, Top 5 as % total
    25
    Value:
    71,10
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    35,7
    1.13.02. Export product concentration, Top 5 as % total
    25
    Value:
    73,99
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    35,4
    1.14. Exports of goods and services
    08
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    42,8
    1.14.01. Merchandise exports, US$
    04
    Value:
    669,903,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    70,3
    1.14.02. Commercial services exports, US$
    09
    Value:
    76,333,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    10,2
    1.15. Technological innovation
    04
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    66,5
    1.15.01. R&D expenditure, % GDP
    14
    Value:
    0,99
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    20,0
    1.15.02. Researchers in R&D, per capita
    09
    Value:
    4,35
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    49,8
    1.15.03. Patent applications, per million inhabitants
    11
    Value:
    286,93
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    5,7
    1.15.04. High-technology exports, % of manufactured exports
    01
    Value:
    69,65
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    100,0
    1.15.05. Scientific articles, per million people
    02
    Value:
    2,298,10
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    96,9
    1.16. Technological infrastructure
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    100,0
    1.16.01. Fixed internet speed, Mbps
    02
    Value:
    157,70
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    81,7
    1.16.02. Internet users, % population
    05
    Value:
    92,41
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    94,7
    1.16.03. Fixed broadband subscriptions
    04
    Value:
    38,49
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    88,3
    1.16.04. Mobile subscriptions (per 100 people)
    01
    Value:
    291,65
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    100,0
    Rank
    Value
    Year
    Score
    1.01
    Consumer price inflation
    07
    1,57
    2021
    80,1
    1.02
    Real GDP Growth per capita, % GDP
    07
    6,76
    2021
    93,9
    1.03
    Growth in labor force, %
    28
    -0,66
    2021
    9,9
    1.04
    Foreign direct investment, net inflows, % GDP
    01
    33,89
    2020
    100,0
    1.05
    Gross fixed capital formation, % GDP
    25
    17,12
    2020
    39,9
    1.06
    Tariff & non-tariff barriers
    06
    0,00
    –
    78,0
    1.06.01
    Tariff barriers
    01
    0,00
    –
    100,0
    1.06.01.a
    Tariff barriers in force
    01
    0,00
    2021
    100,0
    1.06.01.b
    New tariff barriers 2021
    01
    0,00
    2021
    100,0
    1.06.01.c
    Percentage of trade affected by tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    00
    0,00
    –
    0,0
    1.06.02
    Non-tariff barriers
    11
    0,00
    –
    59,7
    1.06.02.a
    Non-tariff barriers in force
    07
    66,00
    2021
    62,9
    1.06.02.b
    New non-tariff barriers 2021
    01
    0,00
    2021
    100,0
    1.06.02.c
    Percentage of trade affected by non-tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    23
    69,64
    2018
    16,1
    1.07
    Trade liberalization
    10
    0,00
    –
    66,1
    1.07.01
    Regional Trade Agreements, number in force
    23
    8,00
    2022
    9,1
    1.07.02
    Capital account liberalization, Index
    01
    2,32
    2019
    100,0
    1.07.03
    Investment Freedom, Index
    03
    80,00
    2020
    92,3
    1.08
    Exchange rate stability, parity change from national currency to SDR, 2020/2018
    05
    0,02
    2021
    94,3
    1.09
    Domestic credit to private sector, % of GDP
    01
    258,43
    2020
    100,0
    1.10
    Foreign trade and payments risk
    01
    0,00
    –
    100,0
    1.10.01
    Country credit rating
    04
    73,00
    2022
    93,9
    1.10.02
    Gross debt, % GDP
    02
    2,14
    2021
    99,9
    1.11
    Trade costs
    05
    0,00
    –
    90,8
    1.11.01
    Logistics performance, index
    04
    3,92
    2018
    94,1
    1.11.02
    Corruption perceptions, index
    04
    76,00
    2021
    81,5
    1.11.03
    Rule of law, index
    05
    91,83
    2020
    91,8
    1.12
    Monetary policy intervention
    05
    0,00
    –
    46,8
    1.12.01
    Current account balance, % GDP
    27
    11,20
    2021
    22,2
    1.12.02
    Total reserves (includes gold)1 year change, % GDP
    02
    -7,63
    2021
    84,0
    1.13
    Export concentration
    28
    0,00
    –
    25,5
    1.13.01
    Export market concentration, Top 5 as % total
    25
    71,10
    2021
    35,7
    1.13.02
    Export product concentration, Top 5 as % total
    25
    73,99
    2021
    35,4
    1.14
    Exports of goods and services
    08
    0,00
    –
    42,8
    1.14.01
    Merchandise exports, US$
    04
    669,903,00
    2021
    70,3
    1.14.02
    Commercial services exports, US$
    09
    76,333,00
    2021
    10,2
    1.15
    Technological innovation
    04
    0,00
    –
    66,5
    1.15.01
    R&D expenditure, % GDP
    14
    0,99
    2020
    20,0
    1.15.02
    Researchers in R&D, per capita
    09
    4,35
    2020
    49,8
    1.15.03
    Patent applications, per million inhabitants
    11
    286,93
    2020
    5,7
    1.15.04
    High-technology exports, % of manufactured exports
    01
    69,65
    2020
    100,0
    1.15.05
    Scientific articles, per million people
    02
    2,298,10
    2020
    96,9
    1.16
    Technological infrastructure
    01
    0,00
    –
    100,0
    1.16.01
    Fixed internet speed, Mbps
    02
    157,70
    2021
    81,7
    1.16.02
    Internet users, % population
    05
    92,41
    2020
    94,7
    1.16.03
    Fixed broadband subscriptions
    04
    38,49
    2020
    88,3
    1.16.04
    Mobile subscriptions (per 100 people)
    01
    291,65
    2020
    100,0
    Indicator
    Rank
    2.01. Inequality (Gini coefficient)
    16
    Value:
    40,10
    Year:
    2016
    Score:
    34,6
    2.02. Educational attainment
    08
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    63,1
    2.02.01. Mean years of schooling
    08
    Value:
    12,28
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    87,1
    2.02.02. University education Index
    09
    Value:
    19,32
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    15,1
    2.02.03. Tertiary enrollment
    08
    Value:
    84,39
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    70,8
    2.03. Labor standards
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    100,0
    2.03.01. Gender non-discrimination in hiring
    01
    Value:
    100,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    100,0
    2.03.02. Freedom of association and assembly
    00
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    0,0
    2.04. Political stability and absence of violence
    12
    Value:
    50,00
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    48,5
    2.05. Goods produced by forced labor or child labor
    07
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    97,0
    2.05.01. Goods produced by forced labor
    07
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    95,2
    2.05.01.a. Goods produced by forced labor, number of goods categories
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    2.05.01.b. % population in forced labor
    08
    Value:
    1,40
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    93,3
    2.05.02. Goods produced by child labor, number of goods categories
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    2.06. Government response to human trafficking
    23
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    23,2
    2.06.01. Government response to human trafficking, Criminalization
    21
    Value:
    4,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    40,0
    2.06.02. Government response to human trafficking, Strategy
    26
    Value:
    21,37
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    5,3
    2.06.03. Government response to human trafficking, Action
    21
    Value:
    3,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    33,3
    2.07. Trade in goods at risk of modern slavery
    15
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    50,0
    2.07.01. Imports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    29
    Value:
    54,584,56
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    7,9
    2.07.02. Exports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    100,0
    2.08. Social mobility, Index
    00
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    0,0
    2.09. Life expectancy at birth
    01
    Value:
    85,50
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    Rank
    Value
    Year
    Score
    2.01
    Inequality (Gini coefficient)
    16
    40,10
    2016
    34,6
    2.02
    Educational attainment
    08
    0,00
    –
    63,1
    2.02.01
    Mean years of schooling
    08
    12,28
    2019
    87,1
    2.02.02
    University education Index
    09
    19,32
    2021
    15,1
    2.02.03
    Tertiary enrollment
    08
    84,39
    2020
    70,8
    2.03
    Labor standards
    01
    0,00
    –
    100,0
    2.03.01
    Gender non-discrimination in hiring
    01
    100,00
    2022
    100,0
    2.03.02
    Freedom of association and assembly
    00
    0,00
    –
    0,0
    2.04
    Political stability and absence of violence
    12
    50,00
    2020
    48,5
    2.05
    Goods produced by forced labor or child labor
    07
    0,00
    –
    97,0
    2.05.01
    Goods produced by forced labor
    07
    0,00
    –
    95,2
    2.05.01.a
    Goods produced by forced labor, number of goods categories
    01
    0,00
    2021
    100,0
    2.05.01.b
    % population in forced labor
    08
    1,40
    2018
    93,3
    2.05.02
    Goods produced by child labor, number of goods categories
    01
    0,00
    2021
    100,0
    2.06
    Government response to human trafficking
    23
    0,00
    –
    23,2
    2.06.01
    Government response to human trafficking, Criminalization
    21
    4,00
    2021
    40,0
    2.06.02
    Government response to human trafficking, Strategy
    26
    21,37
    2018
    5,3
    2.06.03
    Government response to human trafficking, Action
    21
    3,00
    2021
    33,3
    2.07
    Trade in goods at risk of modern slavery
    15
    0,00
    –
    50,0
    2.07.01
    Imports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    29
    54,584,56
    2020
    7,9
    2.07.02
    Exports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    01
    0,00
    2020
    100,0
    2.08
    Social mobility, Index
    00
    0,00
    –
    0,0
    2.09
    Life expectancy at birth
    01
    85,50
    2021
    100,0
    Indicator
    Rank
    3.01. Air pollution
    13
    Value:
    19,00
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    83,2
    3.02. Deforestation
    28
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    5,8
    3.03. % of wastewater treated
    08
    Value:
    85,66
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    85,4
    3.04. Energy intensity
    01
    Value:
    22,42
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    100,0
    3.05. Ecological footprint
    00
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    0,0
    3.06. Renewable energy
    28
    Value:
    0,75
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    1,3
    3.07. Environmental standards in trade
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.01. Convention: Hazardous Wastes
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.02. Convention: Prevention of Marine Pollution
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.03. Convention: Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna)
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.04. Convention on Climate Change (Kyoto)
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.05. The International Timber Agreement
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.06. Convention: International Trade in Endangered Species
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.07. Convention: Prior Informed Consent – Hazardous Chemicals (Rotterdam)
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.08. Transfer emissions
    04
    Value:
    -18,13
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    25,8
    3.09. Share of natural resources in trade
    12
    Value:
    6,62
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    84,9
    3.10. Carbon
    24
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    37,5
    3.10.1. Carbon pricing
    11
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    0,0
    3.10.2. CO2 emissions per capita
    18
    Value:
    5,88
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    67,8
    Rank
    Value
    Year
    Score
    3.01
    Air pollution
    13
    19,00
    2019
    83,2
    3.02
    Deforestation
    28
    0,00
    2020
    5,8
    3.03
    % of wastewater treated
    08
    85,66
    2020
    85,4
    3.04
    Energy intensity
    01
    22,42
    2019
    100,0
    3.05
    Ecological footprint
    00
    0,00
    –
    0,0
    3.06
    Renewable energy
    28
    0,75
    2019
    1,3
    3.07
    Environmental standards in trade
    01
    0,00
    –
    100,0
    3.07.01
    Convention: Hazardous Wastes
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.02
    Convention: Prevention of Marine Pollution
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.03
    Convention: Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna)
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.04
    Convention on Climate Change (Kyoto)
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.05
    The International Timber Agreement
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.06
    Convention: International Trade in Endangered Species
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.07
    Convention: Prior Informed Consent – Hazardous Chemicals (Rotterdam)
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.08
    Transfer emissions
    04
    -18,13
    2019
    25,8
    3.09
    Share of natural resources in trade
    12
    6,62
    2020
    84,9
    3.10
    Carbon
    24
    0,00
    –
    37,5
    3.10.1
    Carbon pricing
    11
    0,00
    2022
    0,0
    3.10.2
    CO2 emissions per capita
    18
    5,88
    2019
    67,8
    Indicator
    Rank
    1.01. Consumer price inflation
    07
    Value:
    1,57
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    80,1
    1.02. Real GDP Growth per capita, % GDP
    07
    Value:
    6,76
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    93,9
    1.03. Growth in labor force, %
    28
    Value:
    -0,66
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    9,9
    1.04. Foreign direct investment, net inflows, % GDP
    01
    Value:
    33,89
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    100,0
    1.05. Gross fixed capital formation, % GDP
    25
    Value:
    17,12
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    39,9
    1.06. Tariff & non-tariff barriers
    06
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    78,0
    1.06.01. Tariff barriers
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    100,0
    1.06.01.a. Tariff barriers in force
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    1.06.01.b. New tariff barriers 2021
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    1.06.01.c. Percentage of trade affected by tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    00
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    0,0
    1.06.02. Non-tariff barriers
    11
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    59,7
    1.06.02.a. Non-tariff barriers in force
    07
    Value:
    66,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    62,9
    1.06.02.b. New non-tariff barriers 2021
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    1.06.02.c. Percentage of trade affected by non-tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    23
    Value:
    69,64
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    16,1
    1.07. Trade liberalization
    10
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    66,1
    1.07.01. Regional Trade Agreements, number in force
    23
    Value:
    8,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    9,1
    1.07.02. Capital account liberalization, Index
    01
    Value:
    2,32
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    100,0
    1.07.03. Investment Freedom, Index
    03
    Value:
    80,00
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    92,3
    1.08. Exchange rate stability, parity change from national currency to SDR, 2020/2018
    05
    Value:
    0,02
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    94,3
    1.09. Domestic credit to private sector, % of GDP
    01
    Value:
    258,43
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    100,0
    1.10. Foreign trade and payments risk
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    100,0
    1.10.01. Country credit rating
    04
    Value:
    73,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    93,9
    1.10.02. Gross debt, % GDP
    02
    Value:
    2,14
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    99,9
    1.11. Trade costs
    05
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    90,8
    1.11.01. Logistics performance, index
    04
    Value:
    3,92
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    94,1
    1.11.02. Corruption perceptions, index
    04
    Value:
    76,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    81,5
    1.11.03. Rule of law, index
    05
    Value:
    91,83
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    91,8
    1.12. Monetary policy intervention
    05
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    46,8
    1.12.01. Current account balance, % GDP
    27
    Value:
    11,20
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    22,2
    1.12.02. Total reserves (includes gold)1 year change, % GDP
    02
    Value:
    -7,63
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    84,0
    1.13. Export concentration
    28
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    25,5
    1.13.01. Export market concentration, Top 5 as % total
    25
    Value:
    71,10
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    35,7
    1.13.02. Export product concentration, Top 5 as % total
    25
    Value:
    73,99
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    35,4
    1.14. Exports of goods and services
    08
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    42,8
    1.14.01. Merchandise exports, US$
    04
    Value:
    669,903,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    70,3
    1.14.02. Commercial services exports, US$
    09
    Value:
    76,333,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    10,2
    1.15. Technological innovation
    04
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    66,5
    1.15.01. R&D expenditure, % GDP
    14
    Value:
    0,99
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    20,0
    1.15.02. Researchers in R&D, per capita
    09
    Value:
    4,35
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    49,8
    1.15.03. Patent applications, per million inhabitants
    11
    Value:
    286,93
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    5,7
    1.15.04. High-technology exports, % of manufactured exports
    01
    Value:
    69,65
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    100,0
    1.15.05. Scientific articles, per million people
    02
    Value:
    2,298,10
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    96,9
    1.16. Technological infrastructure
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    100,0
    1.16.01. Fixed internet speed, Mbps
    02
    Value:
    157,70
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    81,7
    1.16.02. Internet users, % population
    05
    Value:
    92,41
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    94,7
    1.16.03. Fixed broadband subscriptions
    04
    Value:
    38,49
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    88,3
    1.16.04. Mobile subscriptions (per 100 people)
    01
    Value:
    291,65
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    100,0
    Rank
    Value
    Year
    Score
    1.01
    Consumer price inflation
    07
    1,57
    2021
    80,1
    1.02
    Real GDP Growth per capita, % GDP
    07
    6,76
    2021
    93,9
    1.03
    Growth in labor force, %
    28
    -0,66
    2021
    9,9
    1.04
    Foreign direct investment, net inflows, % GDP
    01
    33,89
    2020
    100,0
    1.05
    Gross fixed capital formation, % GDP
    25
    17,12
    2020
    39,9
    1.06
    Tariff & non-tariff barriers
    06
    0,00
    –
    78,0
    1.06.01
    Tariff barriers
    01
    0,00
    –
    100,0
    1.06.01.a
    Tariff barriers in force
    01
    0,00
    2021
    100,0
    1.06.01.b
    New tariff barriers 2021
    01
    0,00
    2021
    100,0
    1.06.01.c
    Percentage of trade affected by tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    00
    0,00
    –
    0,0
    1.06.02
    Non-tariff barriers
    11
    0,00
    –
    59,7
    1.06.02.a
    Non-tariff barriers in force
    07
    66,00
    2021
    62,9
    1.06.02.b
    New non-tariff barriers 2021
    01
    0,00
    2021
    100,0
    1.06.02.c
    Percentage of trade affected by non-tariff barrier (up to 2018)
    23
    69,64
    2018
    16,1
    1.07
    Trade liberalization
    10
    0,00
    –
    66,1
    1.07.01
    Regional Trade Agreements, number in force
    23
    8,00
    2022
    9,1
    1.07.02
    Capital account liberalization, Index
    01
    2,32
    2019
    100,0
    1.07.03
    Investment Freedom, Index
    03
    80,00
    2020
    92,3
    1.08
    Exchange rate stability, parity change from national currency to SDR, 2020/2018
    05
    0,02
    2021
    94,3
    1.09
    Domestic credit to private sector, % of GDP
    01
    258,43
    2020
    100,0
    1.10
    Foreign trade and payments risk
    01
    0,00
    –
    100,0
    1.10.01
    Country credit rating
    04
    73,00
    2022
    93,9
    1.10.02
    Gross debt, % GDP
    02
    2,14
    2021
    99,9
    1.11
    Trade costs
    05
    0,00
    –
    90,8
    1.11.01
    Logistics performance, index
    04
    3,92
    2018
    94,1
    1.11.02
    Corruption perceptions, index
    04
    76,00
    2021
    81,5
    1.11.03
    Rule of law, index
    05
    91,83
    2020
    91,8
    1.12
    Monetary policy intervention
    05
    0,00
    –
    46,8
    1.12.01
    Current account balance, % GDP
    27
    11,20
    2021
    22,2
    1.12.02
    Total reserves (includes gold)1 year change, % GDP
    02
    -7,63
    2021
    84,0
    1.13
    Export concentration
    28
    0,00
    –
    25,5
    1.13.01
    Export market concentration, Top 5 as % total
    25
    71,10
    2021
    35,7
    1.13.02
    Export product concentration, Top 5 as % total
    25
    73,99
    2021
    35,4
    1.14
    Exports of goods and services
    08
    0,00
    –
    42,8
    1.14.01
    Merchandise exports, US$
    04
    669,903,00
    2021
    70,3
    1.14.02
    Commercial services exports, US$
    09
    76,333,00
    2021
    10,2
    1.15
    Technological innovation
    04
    0,00
    –
    66,5
    1.15.01
    R&D expenditure, % GDP
    14
    0,99
    2020
    20,0
    1.15.02
    Researchers in R&D, per capita
    09
    4,35
    2020
    49,8
    1.15.03
    Patent applications, per million inhabitants
    11
    286,93
    2020
    5,7
    1.15.04
    High-technology exports, % of manufactured exports
    01
    69,65
    2020
    100,0
    1.15.05
    Scientific articles, per million people
    02
    2,298,10
    2020
    96,9
    1.16
    Technological infrastructure
    01
    0,00
    –
    100,0
    1.16.01
    Fixed internet speed, Mbps
    02
    157,70
    2021
    81,7
    1.16.02
    Internet users, % population
    05
    92,41
    2020
    94,7
    1.16.03
    Fixed broadband subscriptions
    04
    38,49
    2020
    88,3
    1.16.04
    Mobile subscriptions (per 100 people)
    01
    291,65
    2020
    100,0
    Indicator
    Rank
    2.01. Inequality (Gini coefficient)
    16
    Value:
    40,10
    Year:
    2016
    Score:
    34,6
    2.02. Educational attainment
    08
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    63,1
    2.02.01. Mean years of schooling
    08
    Value:
    12,28
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    87,1
    2.02.02. University education Index
    09
    Value:
    19,32
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    15,1
    2.02.03. Tertiary enrollment
    08
    Value:
    84,39
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    70,8
    2.03. Labor standards
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    100,0
    2.03.01. Gender non-discrimination in hiring
    01
    Value:
    100,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    100,0
    2.03.02. Freedom of association and assembly
    00
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    0,0
    2.04. Political stability and absence of violence
    12
    Value:
    50,00
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    48,5
    2.05. Goods produced by forced labor or child labor
    07
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    97,0
    2.05.01. Goods produced by forced labor
    07
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    95,2
    2.05.01.a. Goods produced by forced labor, number of goods categories
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    2.05.01.b. % population in forced labor
    08
    Value:
    1,40
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    93,3
    2.05.02. Goods produced by child labor, number of goods categories
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    2.06. Government response to human trafficking
    23
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    23,2
    2.06.01. Government response to human trafficking, Criminalization
    21
    Value:
    4,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    40,0
    2.06.02. Government response to human trafficking, Strategy
    26
    Value:
    21,37
    Year:
    2018
    Score:
    5,3
    2.06.03. Government response to human trafficking, Action
    21
    Value:
    3,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    33,3
    2.07. Trade in goods at risk of modern slavery
    15
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    50,0
    2.07.01. Imports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    29
    Value:
    54,584,56
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    7,9
    2.07.02. Exports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    100,0
    2.08. Social mobility, Index
    00
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    0,0
    2.09. Life expectancy at birth
    01
    Value:
    85,50
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    Rank
    Value
    Year
    Score
    2.01
    Inequality (Gini coefficient)
    16
    40,10
    2016
    34,6
    2.02
    Educational attainment
    08
    0,00
    –
    63,1
    2.02.01
    Mean years of schooling
    08
    12,28
    2019
    87,1
    2.02.02
    University education Index
    09
    19,32
    2021
    15,1
    2.02.03
    Tertiary enrollment
    08
    84,39
    2020
    70,8
    2.03
    Labor standards
    01
    0,00
    –
    100,0
    2.03.01
    Gender non-discrimination in hiring
    01
    100,00
    2022
    100,0
    2.03.02
    Freedom of association and assembly
    00
    0,00
    –
    0,0
    2.04
    Political stability and absence of violence
    12
    50,00
    2020
    48,5
    2.05
    Goods produced by forced labor or child labor
    07
    0,00
    –
    97,0
    2.05.01
    Goods produced by forced labor
    07
    0,00
    –
    95,2
    2.05.01.a
    Goods produced by forced labor, number of goods categories
    01
    0,00
    2021
    100,0
    2.05.01.b
    % population in forced labor
    08
    1,40
    2018
    93,3
    2.05.02
    Goods produced by child labor, number of goods categories
    01
    0,00
    2021
    100,0
    2.06
    Government response to human trafficking
    23
    0,00
    –
    23,2
    2.06.01
    Government response to human trafficking, Criminalization
    21
    4,00
    2021
    40,0
    2.06.02
    Government response to human trafficking, Strategy
    26
    21,37
    2018
    5,3
    2.06.03
    Government response to human trafficking, Action
    21
    3,00
    2021
    33,3
    2.07
    Trade in goods at risk of modern slavery
    15
    0,00
    –
    50,0
    2.07.01
    Imports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    29
    54,584,56
    2020
    7,9
    2.07.02
    Exports of goods at risk of modern slavery, US$ millions
    01
    0,00
    2020
    100,0
    2.08
    Social mobility, Index
    00
    0,00
    –
    0,0
    2.09
    Life expectancy at birth
    01
    85,50
    2021
    100,0
    Indicator
    Rank
    3.01. Air pollution
    13
    Value:
    19,00
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    83,2
    3.02. Deforestation
    28
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    5,8
    3.03. % of wastewater treated
    08
    Value:
    85,66
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    85,4
    3.04. Energy intensity
    01
    Value:
    22,42
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    100,0
    3.05. Ecological footprint
    00
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    0,0
    3.06. Renewable energy
    28
    Value:
    0,75
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    1,3
    3.07. Environmental standards in trade
    01
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.01. Convention: Hazardous Wastes
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.02. Convention: Prevention of Marine Pollution
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.03. Convention: Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna)
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.04. Convention on Climate Change (Kyoto)
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.05. The International Timber Agreement
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.06. Convention: International Trade in Endangered Species
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.07.07. Convention: Prior Informed Consent – Hazardous Chemicals (Rotterdam)
    01
    Value:
    2,00
    Year:
    2021
    Score:
    100,0
    3.08. Transfer emissions
    04
    Value:
    -18,13
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    25,8
    3.09. Share of natural resources in trade
    12
    Value:
    6,62
    Year:
    2020
    Score:
    84,9
    3.10. Carbon
    24
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    –
    Score:
    37,5
    3.10.1. Carbon pricing
    11
    Value:
    0,00
    Year:
    2022
    Score:
    0,0
    3.10.2. CO2 emissions per capita
    18
    Value:
    5,88
    Year:
    2019
    Score:
    67,8
    Rank
    Value
    Year
    Score
    3.01
    Air pollution
    13
    19,00
    2019
    83,2
    3.02
    Deforestation
    28
    0,00
    2020
    5,8
    3.03
    % of wastewater treated
    08
    85,66
    2020
    85,4
    3.04
    Energy intensity
    01
    22,42
    2019
    100,0
    3.05
    Ecological footprint
    00
    0,00
    –
    0,0
    3.06
    Renewable energy
    28
    0,75
    2019
    1,3
    3.07
    Environmental standards in trade
    01
    0,00
    –
    100,0
    3.07.01
    Convention: Hazardous Wastes
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.02
    Convention: Prevention of Marine Pollution
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.03
    Convention: Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna)
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.04
    Convention on Climate Change (Kyoto)
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.05
    The International Timber Agreement
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.06
    Convention: International Trade in Endangered Species
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.07.07
    Convention: Prior Informed Consent – Hazardous Chemicals (Rotterdam)
    01
    2,00
    2021
    100,0
    3.08
    Transfer emissions
    04
    -18,13
    2019
    25,8
    3.09
    Share of natural resources in trade
    12
    6,62
    2020
    84,9
    3.10
    Carbon
    24
    0,00
    –
    37,5
    3.10.1
    Carbon pricing
    11
    0,00
    2022
    0,0
    3.10.2
    CO2 emissions per capita
    18
    5,88
    2019
    67,8